Freakonomics A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything b

Freakonomics A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. DubnerFreakonomics brings together many combinations of thoughts that one wouldnt let relevant in companionship. The two authors discuss comparisons that are so off the wall, that you almost question practice session the countersign however, that is the reason many read the book in the first place. The authors Levitt and Dubner compare in one chapter of Freakonomics the reason why drug dealers live with their moms. Throughout this chapter, the authors discuss questions about why intelligent volume sometimes do non ask questions that people really care about, advertising and surveys, and why, in general, do drug dealers still live with their moms. The use of recommendation evidence is prudent in the chapter because its proof builds the case for the qualitative evidence used during the drug dealing section of the chapter. I will discuss these terzetto topics in detail and ana lyze the authors contributions to the arguments they present, by evaluating how the argument was portrayed based on the evidence given in the book. But if you foundation question something that people really care about and find an answer that whitethorn surprise themthat is, if you can overturn the conventional wisdomthen you may have some luck (Levitt and Dubner 87). What Levitt and Dubner meant by this passage, is that if you divulge yourself into questions, ridiculous or not, you might find something you are looking for. If there are unanswered questions, and no one is asking them, they are bound to yield uninteresting answers (Levitt and Dubner 87). Meaning, people are not usually asking questions in which they are not interested in the answers. From a personal no... ...ves otherwise. A foot soldier makes, according to the financial evidence given, $3.30 an hour. Actually, many foot soldiers held other jobs to supplement the low engage they were issued dealing drugs. The evidence given in this section of the chapter was useful to the reader to understand and visually absorb the material. As a whole, the evidence given in this chapter was sufficient in building a cohesive thought. However, the advertising and survey section of the chapter through me for a loop and almost made me stop reading the chapter all together. The use of testimonial, measurement, and analytical data discussed in the chapter allowed me to truly understand the point that the authors were trying to get across to the reader. The chapter, like the rest of the book, contains thoughts that are not conventional in nature and are interesting to think about.

Gay and Lesbian Issues - The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals Essays

Gay and Lesbian Issues - The Nazi quenching of HomosexualsThe Holocaust is the greatest atrocity invariably committed. Millions upon millions of batch were ruthlessly tortured and executed during the infamous reign of the Third Reich. The events and conditions surrounding Adolf Hitlers rise to power have been extensively studied by historians, sociologists, semipolitical scientists, and psychologists in the hopes of preventing this state of merciless dictatorship from ever recurring. Due to the immensity of the Nazi campaign against those of the Jewish faith, that ethnic group is most often mentioned in association with the concentration camps and exterminations of the Third Reich. However, there were many other groups who were persecuted alongside the Jews. These groups include political dissidents, criminals, gypsies, the handicapped, Jehovahs Witnesses, emigrants, and homosexuals (Heger 32). The plight of homosexuals is, perhaps, the most overlooked fount of the Holocaust. Of all the concentration camps, Sachsenhaussen, just north of Berlin, was the most important in the imprisonment and execution of homosexuals. The conditions under which all prisoners here were forced to live were short inhuman, but for homosexuals it was far worse. As the one group that was despised by both the Nazis and those who were imprisoned within concentration camps, gays were persecuted with the greatest enthusiasm, and because of the taboos surrounding their lifestyle, their tragedy was odd unnoticed for nearly three decades. The persecution of homosexuals at Sachsenhaussen was a natural outgrowth of the Nazi idea of the master race and was made possible by usage of German law. Homosexuals, according to Nazi propaganda, ... ...he testimonies of gay survivors from Sachsenhaussen are to teach us anything, it is that they, like the Jews and every other group exterminated by the Nazis, were victims. Their tragedy has been intensify by societys rejection of their plight. In order to truly abolish the dangerous views of Nazism, we must first learn to accept all people as human beings, no matter what their national origin, religious beliefs, or sexual orientation may be. This must be our goal if we are to prevent the atrocities of Sachsenhaussen from ever happening again. References Feig, Konnilyn G. Hitlers Death Camps. New York Holmes & Meier, 1979. Heger, Heinz. The Men With the Pink Triangle. London Gay Mens Press, 1972. Plant, Richard. The Pink Triangle. New York Henry Holt, 1986. Rector, Frank. The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals. New York Stein and Day, 1981.

Absence Measurement and Management Essays -- null

This essay answers the following questions.1)Why and how should absence seizure be proactively managed without damaging the psychological contract?2)What advice would you give to the Directors to measure absence levels and causes? 3)What procedures would you urge should be established to manage absence? You must justify your recommendations. 4)How should the devolution of People Management responsibilities to first line managers be handled? 1)Why and how should absence be proactively managed without damaging the psychological contract?The psychological contract is an informal, unwritten contract between employer and employee. It includes their mutual agreement towards obligations to one and other. It will entail certain expectations which should be attempted to be upheld. This contract is based on trust and respect, and employees with effective managers should have a strong understanding of what their psychological contract entails, as substantially as their formal written contrac t which can be upheld legally. All employees at Insure it Wright, should understand both of these contracts and it is important when attempting to manage an issue, such as absence, that the psychological contract is not affected.The directors have identified absences as an issue, which is having a negative impact on the organisation as a whole and the supporter it is providing. This should be dealt with as swiftly as possibly in a manner which will not affect the psychological or written contract. They ar having issues with several types on absence, particularly short term and unauthorised absence. Absence must be so rigidly monitored because, a large amount of absence will have a negative impact on the company financially. Particul... ... http//www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/absence-measurement-management.aspx. Last accessed 20th of April 2014.CIPD staff. (2012). The Role of line managers in HR. Available http//www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/role-line-managers-hr .aspx. Last accessed twenty-fourth April 2014.1.BLACK, C. and FROST, D. (2011) Health at work an independent review of sickness absence. Cm 8205. London Department for Work and Pensions. Available http//www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/health-at-work.pdf. Last accessed 28th April 2014.Taylor, Baldry, Bain & Ellis. (2003). A alone(predicate) Working Environment Health, Sickness and eAbsence Management in UK Call Centres. Work, Employment & Society . 17 (3), 435-458James P, Cunningham I & Dibben P. (2002). Absence management and the issues of job retention and regaining to work. Human Resources and Management Journal. 12 (2), 82-94.

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- teaching, educational phi

AbstractThe main goal of education is to prepare individuals to be contributing citizens of our society and to help them while away their true potential. direction provides the foundation that enables students to be successful lifelong learners that thrive in society. While schools are the catalyst for the dissemination of education, it is a successful partnership between schools, government family and community that ensures the ultimate success of education. A clear focus on educating all students despite their diverse needs and differentiated schooling are necessary. Teachers serve as facilitators who guide students in the learning process. Students are active participants in their education, who expand their horizons through hands-on learning experiences.The most essential purpose of education is to prepare individuals to become productive, contributing members of society. Education needs to prepare individuals for the demands of the work force and lay the foundation for them to become engaged, lifelong learners who constantly update their skills to remain competitive in a changing society. The goal of education is to open the world to individuals by providing them with the skills and the motivation to reach their true potential. Education should spark interests, goals and ambitions.Schools are the catalysts for the dissemination of education. It is the role of schools to prepare children to successfully function within society. Schools need to provide opportunities for students to explore their interests and also teach essential skills in all academic content areas. Providing a safe, nurturing learning environment for all learners that encourages creativity and innovation is also fundamental. It is crucial that schoo... ...ressed. The main goal of education is for students to obtain the necessary foundational skills and develop into critical thinkers and analytical problem solvers that make active contributions to our society. Education provides the foundation that enables students to be successful lifelong learners that thrive in society.ReferencesCohen, L. M. (1999). philosophical Perspectives in Education. Oregon State University. Retrieved from http//oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/PP3.htmlConstructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. (2004). Thirteen. Retrieved from http//www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/constructivism/explor_sub5.htmlMason, R., Rennie, F. (2008). The e-Learning Handbook Designing Distributed Learning. New York Routledge.Shaffer, D. R. (2008). Social and Personality Development (5 ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing.

Learning the Writing Business from Book Agents and Editors :: English Literature Essays

Learning the Writing Business from Book Agents and EditorsSo, you just wrote your first science fiction novel. Your friend evince it and told you that you were the coterminous Ray Bradbury or Gene Roddenberry. Your fertile mind fantasizes your name up there on a Borders wall poster right next to images of Isaac Azimov and Jules Verne. Before going off the deep end and equating yourself with Hemingway and Steinbeck, give your ego a stiff reality check. Few of us mortals are literary Mozarts that can plop down in front of a computer screen and author a perfect manuscript the first time around.. permits get one thing straight right now. You wrote a manuscript and not a book. After an author takes the time and care to read, rationalise and rewrite the manuscript at least five times, the work has finally evolved into a publishable book manuscript.Literary agents have represented my books. Truthfully, I neer erudite too much from literary agents except that they will show a strong in terest in you and your work only if publishers and film producers do. If the baron brokers in the literary world think your work is marketable, then you are a viable commodity. If you have no track record in the make industry, then forget all about your friends praise and about your inflated ego. Youre going to have to accept criticism from your surenesss editors, compromise ideas and plots in your artistic masterpiece, rewrite paragraphs, sentences and pages to conform to editorial evaluations, admit making errors, learn from these mistakes and avoid them when constructing future manuscripts.Although I never learned too much from my literary agents, I absorbed plenty from editors I had worked with. It took me three years to finally master what the editors considered the mechanics of the writing craft. I reluctantly learned that good writing involves much more than the demonstration of grammar, spelling and punctuation skills. I picked up a hundred or so suggestions from my liter ary editors, and I will share some of them now.To facilitate good transitions and chapter integrity, dont begin sentences and/or paragraphs with pronouns (when writing in the third person). Stay forward from lazy sentence patterns such as starting out with There are or There is. And above all else, if you plan to be passkey and creative, stay away from using stereotypical cliches and hackneyed idioms.A good sci-fi novel or any other genre novel should first be a love story at its core construction with the genre decoration adroitly wrapped around that core.

Who is Most Responsible for the Deaths in William Shakespeares Romeo a

Who is Most Responsible for the Deaths of Romeo and JulietRomantic love stories are often ended with a tragedy, because of loss of passion or a love one. These tragedies are often the result of one persons actions that ended someones life or love. In the Romeo and Juliet play written by William Shakespeare, two citizens of Verona come together and fall deeply in love. Unfortunately their love comes to an end, along with their lives, because of a misunderstanding and a persistent feud surrounded by their families. Although there are many characters in this play that permit contributed to Romeo and Juliets death, Friar Laurence is the person most to blame.Friar Laurences actions without the play resulted in the two star crossed lovers death. He assisted the two when they wanted to get married, which began the disastrous events in the play. Friar Laurence says to RomeoIn one respect Ill thy assistant be.For this alliance may so happy prove, To turn your households rancour to pure lov e.(II.iii.86-88)When he says this, he is stating he will assist Romeo by marring the two, because through the marriage their families may learn to love each other therefore ending the fight. Friar Laurence only married the two lovers because he thought it would have a positive impact on the families feud. However, he should of thought about the consequences and how since the head of the families were unaware, the marriage could only have negative affects. Also, they were never m...

Othello – Iago’s Deception of Roderigo

In this passage, Iago is trying to persuade Roderigo that they both use up a common enemy, Othello, and that they should work unitedly in their strike back against him. Iago wants revenge because Othello gave the promotion of lieutenant to Cassio instead of him. Roderigo wants revenge because Othello is married to Desdemona, the woman Roderigo is madly in love with. The passage then ends with Roderigo leaving the stage, leaving Iago alone to numerate a soliloquy, revealing his true emotions to the audience for the first time.In his first speech, Iago seems very controlling over Roderigo he starts his speech by two unbent gestures implicating that he is the superior character in the scenario. He starts by telling Roderigo how he feels towards Iago, Thou art sure of me, leaving no room for Roderigo to straits him. This boldly tells the audience that Iago is the decision maker in this duo, as he is making an important decision for Roderigo, whether to trust Iago or non. Roderigos indecision has make him weak. Iago then immediately orders Roderigo to go make money, which further emphasizes Iagos superiority.Iago then goes on to trying to comfort Roderigo with the orders and decisions Iago is making for him, in a sense, by showing him how they are both in common and want the same final outcome (that they both hate Othello and want him to suffer). I have told thee often, and I retell thee again and again, I hate the moor, Iago uses the words again and again to emphasize and make clear and definite how much he loathes Othello, and then says my cause is hearted to express how important it is for him to have revenge on Othello (he craves it deep down in his heart, hence it is hearted).Iago then proposes that he and Roderigo should work together in an accumulative effort to avenge against Othello, and continues to try and persuade him to trust him. He says if thou canst cuckold him, thou dost thyself a pleasure, me a sport to escort Roderigo that he can help him in sleeping with Desdemona, which leave alone bring great pleasure to Roderigo, and will be easy to accomplish for Iago, much standardised a sport.The word sport is particularly interesting as, in my opinion, it makes Iago seem very wicked because it seems as if sabotaging relationships is a sport to him, an act that brings him satisfaction and others sorrow. For I mine own gained. But for my sport and profit, this sentence which Iago says in his soliloquy, suggests to the audience that Iago is a selfish or self-empowering person, meaning that he would not spend time or waste knowledge unless it somehow benefited him.In Iagos soliloquy, it is the first time the audience gets to see how he processes the events of the play and how he thinks and plans his revenge against Othello. He reveals how he plans to turn Othello and Cassio against one another and, by doing so, eliminating two birds with one stone. This also stimulates a sense of suspense, as the audience is mindful of the d amage that will happen in the future but are not aware of how it will happen. During the soliloquy, Iago presents his two-faced character, which the audience by now will have suspected he has.After Roderigo leaves, Iago immediately starts his soliloquy by expressing how much of a fool Roderigo is, and how Iago is only using him as a sort out of personal piggy bank. Thus do I ever make my fool my purse. This immediately makes it clear and obvious to the audience that Iago is not what he seems and what the other characters believe him to be, honest and loyal. This bluntly imprints Iagos true personality into the minds of the audience.

Project Management Conflict Resolution Essay

OverviewShirley was the manager of invigorated products division at an e-commerce company. She and Maggie, angiotensin-converting enzyme of her group members, interviewed Jesse for a new position on their discombobulate team. Maggie did not feel Jesse was the counterbalance fit for the position and strongly opposed his lowlifedidature. Shirley felt differently and hired Jesse. Six months afterward Jesse was hired, Shirley left the project to break down her own company and recommended that Jesse and Maggie serve as joint project leaders. Maggie agreed reluctantly-with the stipulation that it be made clear she was not workings for Jesse. The General motorcoach consented Maggie and Jesse were to par disengage in the project leadership. Within a month of this beatment, Maggie was angry when she felt that Jesse was representing himself to differents as the leader of the entire project and giving the impression that Maggie was working for him. She called for a meeting with the General Manager to see if he could clarify the issue again and resolve the contrast between them.Maggie verbalize to the General Manager, Right after the joint leadership arrangement was r independentlyed Jesse called a meeting of the project team without even consulting me near the time or content. He secure told me when it was being held and said I should join them. At the meeting, Jesse reviewed everyones duties line by line, including mine, treating me as just another team member working for him. He sends out garner and signs himself as project manager, which obviously implies to others that I am working for him. Jesse replied Maggie is all hung up with feelings of power and titles. Just because I sign myself as project director doesnt mean she is working for me.I dont see anything to get excited about. What difference does it make? She is too sensitive about everything. I call a meeting and right away she thinks Im severe to run everything. Maggie has other things to do -other projects to run-so she doesnt pay too much management to this one. She mostly lets things slide. But when I take the initiative to set up a meeting, she starts jumping up and down about how I am trying to make her work for me.How is the General Manager going to resolve this mesh?The issues* Personality clashes* Lack of respect* Authority* Egos* Disagreements about the right way to manage.Problemsmajor(ip) Project delay, Client dissatisfaction, Miscommunication, Effectiveness Minor Confusion, Rumours, Low moraleTying theory to the issue appointment is fructifyd as a disagreement of persons or groups of persons considering a situation as inconsistent with their own interests (Boulding 1963, Robbins 1974, Putnam & Wilson 1982, Hocker & Wilmot 1985). A conflict can oppose somebody to himself or herself (internal conflict), to other persons, groups of persons or to institutions (Thomas 1992). Several definitions discount made in organization theories (Putman & Poole 1987), p sychology (Thomas 1992) or information systems (Barki et coll. 2001) considers three properties of interpersonal conflicts mutuality, interference and disagreement. By itself, each property cannot be considered as a sufficient bod. Interpersonal conflicts are more dependant of their overlapping. Interdependence exists when each party reaches a specific goal, at least because of the actions of the other party. In essence, interdependence is a structural condition for conflicts in a professional context because of respective consequences of the way the other party acts. Interference is a behavioral condition for conflict and occurs when one or several parties oppose the other partys attainment of its interests, objectives, or goals. Interference thus represents the central behavioral thickening of any conflict (Barki et coll. 2001 p.198).Disagreement is a cognitive condition for conflict and corresponds to divergence of interpretations toward values, objectives, deficiencys, metho ds, etc. Disagreement refers to disputant behaviors and is considered as the central process associated to conflict (Wall & Callister 1995). In the above context, these causes can be task (or process) oriented versus emotive (or relational) oriented (Deutsch 1969). Conflicts about tasks are issue oriented and arising from differences between activities to be performed, whereas affective conflicts refer to personalized disagreements or individual disaffections. The first ones can be considered as differences ofpoints of view rarely assorted of negative emotions while the second ones can raise frictions and tensions which can affect team performance (Jehn & Mannix 2001).The 4 different conflict types drawn from task and affective orientations areConflicts about task definition and execution are caused by the way organizational processes have to be adapted or transformed to fit with IT process requirements (for examples how invoices and orders must be established, new data codification , signature validation process). These conflicts can be internally initiated when users compare the way they achieve their tasks and perceive organizational inconsistencies (Besson 1999). They can withal be outwardly initiated because of the process constraints imposed by information technology to be implemented. Value conflicts are psychologically based. They refer to ideology by which some people share beliefs and make sense of their worlds (Trice & Beyer 1993).Firm subunits may have their own subculture varying in their ideological content (Stewart & Gosain 2006). In IS, value conflicts may arise on inconsistency between cultural principles of users or group of users and the perceived underlying strategic objectives assigned to IT implementation (Leidner & Kayworth 2006). Power conflicts concern the way individual autonomies and capabilities of enchant are likely to be distributed among employees. AAnalysis and SolutionIn this case, there are several issues between Maggie and J esse. First and foremost, Maggie feels that Jesse is incompetent, thus her perceptions of his capabilities are reorient and has little respect for Jesse. On the other hand, Jesse feels that Maggie seems to have an issue with titles andplacement of authority. There appears to be a clear lack of teamwork and trust. There is also the air of self-promotion and miscommunication. This conflict did not originate from conflicting goals, but is related to the individuals involved. It is due to personality clashes between the individuals and some of the reasons are* Lack of respect for each other* Power conflict* Value conflicts* Working styles* Incorrect perceptions formed due to lack of personal interaction.* Personal dislike.The General Manager needs to meet with them and rationalize to them how the personal conflict between them is affecting the project and the team as a whole. The goal here is to get them to at least communicate with each other to get everything out in the open. Confi dentiality is key here, but it is also important that they are really listening and hearing each other. Remind them that what is discussed in the room does not leave the room. During the meeting * Inquire as to what (are) the issue(s)? Get it all out on the table let them vent.* What are their perspectives?* Work with them to develop criteria for solutions to their conflict. * Ask them their moods on how to move forward with resolving the issue based on the criteria agreed to, that may help to resolve the conflict. * What alternatives can they come up with to work together effectively? * Can they come to consensus on any of the alternatives? * Ask them to think about what they can do to get past the issue, or put it aside, in order to move forward with working together. What alternatives exist? This should happen overnight let them sleep on it. * Provide feedback on their working styles as it is hindering team spirit. * Set up off-site sessions to get the team together to improv e bonding and overcome personal biases. * Emphasize on the need to separate personal prejudices from the task at hand.The General Managers role here will be to get them talking to each other about their ideas to resolve the conflict and, ideally, coming to a consensus on how to resolve it. It is important to remember that the manager cannot resolve it for them they need to do so themselves. He isjust facilitating the discussion for them. Help them work toward coming to consensus on resolving the conflict by asking questions, probing for details, etc. If one comes up with an idea, see how that idea might be tweaked so that it is acceptable to the other individual. How can the other add to the idea so that it might work for his/her also? Remember also that sometimes consensus cannot be reached and the conflict is not able to be resolved, but you still need these individuals to work together.How might they do so? What do they need to work together professionally and cordially toward th e successful conclusion of the project? Once a consensus has been reached or there is agreement on how to work together in spite of the conflict between them review what was agreed and get their commitment that they will continue to work on the resolution of the conflict (as we tell apart it wont go away immediately) and abide by the plan they developed to resolve it.The General Manager should also* Clearly define the responsibilities and set guidelines for both. * Make the dependencies between Jesse and Maggie clear and ensure that their goals are aligned to take care of the dependencies. * get into a commitment that key decisions are interpreted jointly. * Create a communication plan, escalation mechanism and set up ground rules. * Ensure that both Jesse and Maggie promote project interest over self interest. * Take steps to build mutual trust, as it is key to minimizing unhealthy conflictAdvantagesIt is important that the team members involved in a personal conflict take owne rship of their issues and work constructively to resolve them. This will ensure that the project is not in jeopardy and all the stakeholders have confidence in the team leadership. Once the power conflict is resolved, a collaborative and consultative environment can be created which is conducive to productivity and efficiency. In such an environment, projects are one time and on budget.DisadvantagesA possible disadvantage is that to maintain a balance of power and effective collaboration wherein there is no perception of subterfuge, unanimous time commitment is required. Also, even with the time commitment, there no absolute guarantee that the feeling of distrust will eliminated entirely.RecommendationsFollow up with them both individually and together to check on how things are going over the next few weeks and months, and provide them the support they need to continue to head in the right direction of an improved working relationship.ReferencesBarki H. & Hartwick J. (2001), Inter personal Conflict and Its worry in Information SystemDevelopment., MIS Quarterly. Besson P. (1999), Les ERP lpreuve de lorganisation, Systmes dInformation et Management. Boulding K. (1963), Conflict and Defense, invigorated York, Harper & Row. Deutsch M. (1969), Conflicts productive and destructive. Dans F. E. Jandt, d. Conflict resolutiontrough communication. New York, Harper and Row. Hocker J.L. & Wilmot W.W. (1985), Interpersonal Conflict, Dubuque. Jehn K.A. & Mannix E.A. (2001), The dynamic nature of conflict A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance, Academy of Management diary. Leidner D.E. & Kayworth T. (2006), Review a Review of Culture in Information Systems Research Toward a Theory of Information engineering Culture Conflict, MIS Quarterly. Markus M.L., Tanis C. & Fenema P.C.V. (2000), Multisite ERP implementations, Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM. Putnam L.L. & Wilson C. (1982), Communicative Strategies in Organiz ational Conflict Reliabilityand Validity of a Measurement Scale. Dans M. Burgoon, d. Communication Yearbook. Putman L.L. & Poole M.S. (1987), Conflict and negociation. Dans Handbook of Organzational Communication. Newbury Park, CA, Jablin, F. M., Putman, L. L., Roberts, K. H., Porter, L.W., Robbins S.P. (1974), Managing Organizational Conflict, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall Robey D. & Taggart W. (1981), Measuring Managers Minds The Assessment of Style in Human Information Processing, Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, Stewart K.J. & Gosain S. (2006), The Impact of Ideology on Effectiveness in Open Source Software Development Teams, MIS Quarterly. Thomas K.W. (1992), Conflict and Conflict Management Reflections and Update, Journal of Organizational Behavior Trice H.M. & Beyer J.M. (1993), The Cultures of WorkOrganizations, Englewood Cliffs, PrenticeHall. Wall J.A.J. & Callister R.R. (1995), Conflict and its Management,, Journal of Management

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Summary

A Portrait of the Artist as a three-year-old Man In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce, the main character, Stephen Dedalus has a behavior long desire to find a arrest figure. Not finding it within his accept home he is forced to look out among the other men who play intricate roles in his life. Some of the men that Stephen looks to as buzz off figures allow in his dad, the dean of his school, the Jesuit priest of the retreat, his friend Cranly, and Daedelus of a Greek mythology. Again and again Stephen is faced with the disappointment of a potential scram figure allow him d admit.It is not until all others have failed him that he finds a father figure that fulfills his life. Throughout Stephens life he and his father grow apart. As a child Stephen adores his father. Stephen remembers the story his father use to tell him around the moocow (1). Stephens memory of this story shows he put complete focus into his father whenever his father was around. Stephen s father seems gentle and benevolent when he puts the sauce on Stephens plate after everyone else denies the sauce (19). As Stephen gets older he loses his join with his father.Stephen believes his father is in a lot of trouble. Before Stephens family moves to Dublin he hears his father tell his uncle that he has enemies and somewhat sort of fight is sledding to happen (45). This news puts a lot of pressure of Stephen and it makes Stephen pull away from his father. Stephen feels that the information that he learned makes him a part of the fight (45). Stephens bonds breaks in time more(prenominal) when his father makes fun of him. Stephens father talked to the dean from Stephens school and learned that Stephen made a huge deal out of getting pandied (50).When Stephen learns they laughed about it he become very ashamed and he starts to dislike his father (50). As Stephen matures his father means less and less to him. Stephen feels ashamed of his fathers drinking so he tries to a void the reality of the situation (65). Stephen begins to become ashamed of all of the things his father does (67). Stephen feels his father has failed him in being a role model to him. Stephens dad fails Stephen in the role of a father figure. This leads Stephen to look for a father figure outside of his family.Throughout his life Stephen looks to some of the religious leaders as father figures. Those father figures include the rector of his school and the Jesuit priest from the retreat. The rector of Stephens school is looked to as a father figure. Stephen believes his is of good intelligence and is not judgmental. After Stephen is pandied for no reason, Stephen looks to the Rector (36). Stephen believes he has been wronged and is very mad that pay off Arnell did not stand up for him (35). Stephen shows great courage when he goes up to the rectors room to complain about bring Dolans pandying.All of his fellow classmates are happy him on to talk to the rector (36). At the beginn ing of Stephen and the rectors conversation the rector show great care for Stephen. The rector just listens to Stephen and the chore he is having (38). When the rector starts to deny Father Dolans mistake Stephen becomes a little frustrated (39). The rector sees this frustration and tells Stephen he will talk to Father Dolan the next day (39). Stephens view of the rector as a father figure starts to change after the confrontation.The Rector really fails Stephen when Stephen learns that the Rector and Father Dolan have been talking about him, especially when he hears they laughed about him (50). Another father figure of Stephens fails. Even though the rector fails Stephen he provided some philosophy to Stephens life. The Jesuit priest from the retreat also provides a father figure to Stephen for a short period of time. The Jesuit priest puts misgiving into Stephen. During the three day retreat Stephen is told all of the bad things that sins do in your life (77).The Jesuit priest ma kes Stephen long for direction and he hopes he merchant ship live a sinless life after the retreat (103). When Stephen tries to live a sin free life he doubts himself that he is not all redeemed (109). Even though the Jesuit priest scares Stephen into religion he fails Stephen as a father figure. Stephen feels he cannot trust the Jesuit, so he goes to a private church to pray (104). The religious leaders fail Stephen in giving him the father figure he is searching for. Stephen also looks to Cranly, his friend, in college as a father figure.Cranly gives Stephen advice on life and helps Stephen in choices. Cranly provides Stephen with philosophy in his attempt to be a father figure to Stephen. Stephen really likes Cranly (128). Stephen talks about remembering Cranly by his face and not what the rest of him looks like (128). Stephen looks to Cranly for help about a problem he is having. Stephens mom wants him to go to the east wind service, save Stephen does not feel the religious f aith he once felt (167). Cranly tells Stephen he should go because a mothers love is more important than Stephens religious doubts (167).Stephen and Cranlys acquaintance ends when Stephen says his is going to leave the country to explore his artistic ability (169). Cranly warns him this may be the wrong choice, but Stephen ignores him. Cranly fails Stephen as a father figure. Stephen does not agree with Cranly in the end and that makes Stephens idea of Cranly as a father figure disappears. The one individual that successfully provides Stephen a father figure is Daedelus from Greek mythology. Daedelus provides Stephen with inspiration to be a better person and to express his artistic ability (124).Even though Daedelus was not a successful father figure to his son Icarus, Stephen still feels that Daedelus is the prefect father figure. Since Daedelus is just in Stephens mind, Stephen is his own father. When Stephen leaves Ireland he become his own role model in that he is Daedelus in his mind and he is not leaving anything important behind (156). Stephen puts a lot of faith into Daedelus. In Stephens journal entry on April 27 he calls Daedelus the great creator which also refers to Stephen being a great creator because Daedelus is in Stephens mind (185).Daedelus is the only man that provides Stephen with a father figure. Daedelus is Stephens perfect father in his mind. Stephens search for a father figure is passim A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Even though Stephen takes a long time to find his perfect father figure, he does. Stephen searched his whole life for a father figure and then he realizes he is his own father and he is the only thing he needs. The father figures are a very important idea in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

History of Architecture Essay

1. Comparing and contrasting Minoan and Mycenaean architecture, describe how the two architectures are different and why.Minoan architecture was characterized by a cast of structures that acted as epicenters for religious, commercial, and administrative lifestyles. In the recent past, archeologists discovered tombs, palaces, towns, and roads in Crete which symbolized the Minoan landscape. All this evidences the pre-historic culture that survived in the Aegean Sea. Minoan palaces were utilise to hold gatherings, industrial planthop for artists and food stores. The palaces were multi-storied buildings with impressive exterior and interior staircases. The tombs were built in round shape with a flat wood-framed roof. It was not until Neopalatial pointedness, 1700-1400 BC that Minoan towns started to emerge and easier linkage between the towns and palaces, roads were developed via the interior of the island (Marquand, 2008).On the other hand, Mycenaean architecture came into being in the Mycenaean geological period and most of their architecture is indebted to architecture of Minoans of Crete. An outstanding characteristic feature of Mycenaean architecture comprises of megaron, usage of exceptionally humongous stone blocks, corbel vaulting, and large fortification walls. Besides, the Bronze Age Cities plan and layout on the mainland resembled that of palaces of Crete to a large extent. Some of the major Mycenaean architectural projects were huge tombs, city planning, and palace.Palaces in the Minoan period had an open, vast courtyard whereas in Mycenaean megaron indoor hall. Mycenaean architecture is also said to have been characterized by professional engineering works -evidenced by size of stone blocks used in constructing walls. Later their work was referred to as Cyclopean architecture by the classicals and another distint feature from from the Minoans was the technique used in corbel vaulting. Therefore, Mycenaeans can be said to have been more technical in the architectural works as compared to the Minoans (Marquand, 2008).2. Discuss the evolution of the Greek temple form from its early days as a megaron to how it is represented in the Hellenistic period. How and why did it evolve in the way that it did?A physical body of earliest Greek tabernacles are up to date the orientalizing and geometric periods. The temple had a votive model which in most cases was found in tombs and the basic geometric style of an ornament. The persistent advancement of the Greek Temple was was characterized by an addition of more towers, increased size, and inclusion of general underlying base of triplet steps. Therefore, the columnar screens and base generated a symbolic and visual transition from the normal world to the space of the temple. The progression of the Greek Temple involved a number of stages the first stage is the megaron indoor hall- which saw it being used as temple and it was initiated in the Mycenaean period second stage was charact erized by beginning of peristyle and an increased size stage three was evidenced by completion of the peristyle, integration of the monumentality of Egyptian temple, symmetrical construction, and architectural design in conformity with requirements of meretricious Section (Marquand, 2008).The Greek Temple has therefore totally remained to be a monument and it does not seem to combine its setting with the Mycenaean and Minoan designs. The temple is also a major achievement by human beings to have accomplished and the Temple represents an exceptional object from the natural environment. Consequently, the Temple has continued to swear out as a commemoration of the geographical sacredness and provision of sanctification through a terrace that acted as the temples pedestal. It is also worth noting that the aforesaid column parts of the Temple does not match to natural forms such as plants or trees since the basic assumption was to evoke a human rationale and ratiocination as opposed to monumentalism. The masterpiece of Greek architecture continued to evolve into classical designs (500-323 BC) and Hellenistic designs (323-27 BC) and it was evidenced by improved engineering skills applied in constructing towers (Ibid, 2008).3. Describe the sensory experience of the Panathenaic Procession that would lead you to the Acropolis and up into the complex.It is quite evident that when one takes a closer look in the historical books of antediluvian patriarch Greek and during the Classical period that there was a direct relationship between religion, politics, and art or architecture. Historians have established that first temples were created to house cults and in particular to facilitate religious practices in the community. Parthenon as a temple was spectacularly placed in the Holy City of Acropolis and hence acted as a means with which people could link the temple to their past. A notable feature is the Panathenaic Procession as it represented the religious and social lifestyles of the Athenians. Besides, the Procession was part and pamphlet of festivities that honored genus Athene, panathenaea which was commemorated annually. The procession comprised of ritual presentation of new cloaks or peplos to the ceremonial Athena statue (Neils, 1992).After every four years, a presentation of a huge peplos was made to the Grand Panathenaea in spite of appearance the Parthenon. Subsequently, every other successive year, Panathenaic Procession was marked by peplos presentation to Athena within the Erechtheum. As a formality, the Panathenaic Procession was started at Diployn Gate and traversed Agora with the final destination being in Acropolis. The activity of most importance to the women as during the period they performed a lot of activities such as weaving and presenting huge peplos to Athena every fourth year in Pathenon and smaller peplos to Athena in Erechtheum on yearly basis. Phases of Procession were represented by the frieze of the Parthenon th at extended to a length of about 160 Metres. It stretched from the South West end of the Temple with horse riders- to the North and West sides before heading to South, West sides (Neils, 1992).

Introduction To Aircraft Manufacturing Industry Engineering Essay

The protrudeetary descentcraft fabrication manufacturing can be separated into two cardinal sections. Military and infinite application and civic or commercial aircraft. Commercial Aircraft comprises of little and big traveler aircrafts and even the lading aircrafts. The big aircraft fabrication is chiefly d iodine by Boeing company of the fall in provinces of America and Airbus company of the European brotherhood. In the yesteryear, Boeing has been achieved success in taking over Martin Marietta and McDonnell Douglas, both had in any event been in the industry of aircraft fabrication. Presently, the big aircraft fabrication industry is an oligopoly, dominated by Airbus and Boeing, which argon in a ferocious competition against distributively other. There are other big makers besides, for illustration thither is atomic number 53 in Russia but its consequences were irrelevant beca phthisis its clients were limited to air hoses from Vietnam, Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union.The universe aircraft industry has gone under a really poise growing. Boeing estimates that the worldwide aircraft market place would be deserving 5.4 trillion US dollars by 2024 to counterbalance a 5.2 % addition in world-wide air travel. It is estimated that 12,000 to 15,000 leave alone be essential by 2020 to run into the turning have.PESTLE AnalysisPoliticalLiberalization of travels between the European Union and the fall in States has resulted in demand of more aircrafts.The Aircraft Industry is a duopoly industry comprising of Airbus ( EU ) and Boeing ( US ) . If there are to be viewed from political consensus they are bipartisan political system. Anthony Downs proposed a authoritative theoretical account in the political scientific discipline that suits the state of affairs in the perfect manner. His proposal reversed the conservative connexion between party political orientations and elections. He said that rather of parties accomplishing triumph in the elections on the footing of the rightness of their docket, his findings give elections pre-eminence, with innuendo that all actions taken by the party are aimed at maximizing ballots. Harmonizing to Downes, both parties will seek to resemble each other every bit much as possible. Both parties will maintain their policies modestly different from each other. Besides bulk of electors merely want to see minor changes in authorities functionality. The Market of big and mid size aircrafts works on the kindred political orientation. There is an huge consensus among market participants to what an attractive merchandise comprises, that is, an economically efficient and safe aircraft. But there are besides some intimacy cabals that have wagered in merchandise design, merely as there are much possible groups within a democratic system.A The Government of the building blocked States and its Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) are considered to be influential as they look upon the large st air conveyance market in the universe. Regulations laid by the European and United states authorities will turn out to be a major drive force for orders of unsanded aircraft in the coming onetime(a) ages. In the similar manner, the deregulating of European air hoses, which begun in 1990 s, promises to spread out the markets for smaller regional jets. Trade of big commercial jetliners has been tariff free under the understanding of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) .The high grade of political intercession has consequence on the purchase of aircraft. The determination of purchasers to purchase which aircraft depends on the political grounds because the support and intervention from the authorities could consequence the hereafter of purchasers. For Example, soon Boeing s biggest market is China and is estimated to be for following twenty old ages. As a consequence China s purchase of boeing aircrafts has led to batch of political influence in the United States.Econo micAir traffic in US and UK is likely to increase as they have merely recovered from the recession. The commercial aircraft is estimated to lift deserving US $ 2 trillion in the approaching 20 old ages, which will ensue into demand of 16,600 new aircrafts ( estimated ) . The largest demand is expected to come from air hoses from China, US and India. Huge sum of growing is expected from the put East states. It is expected that China entirely will necessitate 2,200 new aircrafts to run into its travel demands. Besides, international cargo sector is estimated to turn by 253 % in the following 20 old ages.China being the biggest emerging market and sing its population size, the growing in air riders is likely to hit up which would ensue in increasing demand for new aircrafts.High Oil monetary values looming oil monetary values have elevated the operational cost of air hoses. In the twelvemonth 2007, the world-wide air hose industry had to pay 136 billion US dollars for fuels, its a 3 00 % addition compared to what they had to pay in 2003. Even in 2008, when petroleum oil monetary values fell dramatically, it still accounted for 32 % of the operating disbursals.Global GDP- the primary factors in finding the demand of aircraft and growing in the industry is the GDP, which is expected to turn by 3.2 % by 2030The planetary recession The recession which impelled a theatrical bead in load factors in the center of 2008. In response, air hoses have been seting aircrafts out of service and rethinking programs to order replacing for the bing aircrafts. In the 3rd one-fourth of 2008 24 air hoses went bankrupt. The loses during this period were estimated about 4-8 billion US dollars.The realization crunch The recognition crunch in combination with the above mentioned factors, has made it difficult to buy new aircrafts, air hoses are happening troubles to finance new aircrafts. Despite of the recognition crunch, orders for concern and commercial jets have seen addition at t he beginning of 2008, but the recognition crises has resulted in holds and recesss and failure to take bringing of many aircrafts.SocialRecent alterations in society have led to increase in air travel.Besides alterations in lifetime manner of people and the point of view of air journey being a executable option.Demand of air travel is driven by convenience. However, the course is altering as the consumers travel determinations is chiefly based on monetary value. Rising cost and competition produced by low-priced bearers is impacting bulk of Airlines. Business travels, one time a stalls of income, now is a behavior by corporate travel guidelines. As a effect, air hoses are uniting their webs to use economic systems of graduated table, minimise environmental impact and offer smaller markets with new and improved services.The hoo-ha generated and CO2 emanation near the airdrome is besides a thing of higher concern as people populating near the airdrome are supercharging governments to alter thier operating manner.TechnologicalIn the commercial air power industry, there are immense sum of costs connected with Research and development for the development of a new aircraft. European Union authoritiess sustain European engine room R & A D sector, merely as the united provinces authorities does, though FAA, NASA, Department of Defence ( DOD ) and plans that reliefs export revenue enhancement. Though United provinces has three times more support than the European brotherhood.The Aircraft industry is really demanding with really high measure of clip and money dedicated to inventions and R & A D.Now a twenty-four hours s C fibre is used for the building of an Aircraft organic anatomical structure. ( illustration A350 XWB with 50 % C fiber organic structure )Concentration on development on doing more fuel efficient engines for longer scopes.Use of alternate beginnings of fuel to antagonize raising oil monetary valuesThe development of supersonic aircraft is besides a opportunity because it will take to creative activity of whole new market section. Commercial bearers will purchase these aircrafts to run into clients demand of making the finish rapidly and on clip.The largest and cost efficient promotion for commercial aircraft industry is the faster designing of planes. The increase fabrication clip will salvage aircrafts makers clip on labour and assist them to break utilize resources. For Example Boeing 777 used computing machine to plan a paradigm, this saved them the cost of constructing a existent paradigm.In today s competitory universe, automatons are besides considered an effectual tool for the fabrication of aircraft.LegalThere are many limitations when it comes to come ining the market but due to globalization fortunes have changed and besides due to US unresolved skies understanding. Open skies understanding has led to glisten flow of national and international flights in and out of US, promoting Tourss and concern activities, b ettering productiveness and creative activity of occupation chances and economic growing.United province s unfastened skies policy has been proved really effectual in air hose globalisation. It enabled the air hose bearer s limitless entree in the spouses market and right to travel to all center and beyond points. This understanding has offered the most operational flexibleness for air hose alliances. This understanding has been successful in accomplishing over 100 spouses from every portion of the universe and every degree of economic growing.Besides there is IATA ( International Air Transport Association ) . Its purpose is to put up aid to air hoses to diminish complexness of their procedure and increase rider convenience, diminishing costs and develop efficiency. The open uping simplifying the concern strategy is critical in this country. Furthermore, IATA s primary precedence is safety and its purposes to continuously better safety criterions via IATA s Operational safety audit ( IOSA ) .EnvironmentalEnvironment factors by and large include bionomic facet of clime and conditions alteration, which in bend can act upon industries such as insurance, touristry and agriculture. Today, there is an consciousness of clime alteration in the heads of people, which is dismission a make up ones minding factor on how companies function and what are their offerings, because it can take to formation of a new market or wipeout of the present market.ACARE is an European group of airdromes, eurocontrol, air hoses, makers, universities and members of EU and EU committee. Its primary challenges are safety, sensible, quality, environment and security. Some of their aims are to cut down air accidents to 80 % , 15 minute less wait clip on airdromes for small distance finishs and 50 % less clip needed to market. One of most public purpose of ACARE was to cut down specific CO2 discharge by 50 % , the discharge of NOx by 80 % , and to diminish the exterior noise of fixed wing aircraft by 10 dubniums per operation. For example- Boeing is a major component of the commercial air power industry. It is put to deathing some new programs to better its aircrafts environmental public presentation. Compared to show It besides claims that it will cut down its nursery gas emanations by 25 % by 2020.The intent of ACARE clearly reflects the demand of society, curiously in the country of security and stableness of environment. Besides, their purpose reflect the demands of aircraft operators, which are major driver for invention in engineering.The ACARE aims reflect demands which are demanded by society, in particular in the countries of environmental compatibility and security. On the other manus, the ACARE aims besides reflect the demands of aircraft operators, which are an of import driver for technological betterment. On the other manus, the mounting force per unit area from society sing emanations, noise around airdromes are impacting air hose operations.In add-o n, with increasing force per unit area from society as a whole, every bit good as from local communities around airdromes, noise and local emanations have an impact on air hose operations.

Stand and Deliver Character Analysis

base and fall by the wayside character analysis The characters in Stand and Deliver went through a not bad(p) mount in this pic and all brought something else to the movie. The star of the movie is Jaime Escalante played by Edward James Olmos. Escalante is the indoctrinateer of the students that quits his bank line with a computer company to teach at Garfield High educate. He comes to teach computer science, but the indoctrinate did not get the computers and he has to teach math. He takes over the math track and expects a great merchandise of his students and contests the faculty to allow him to teach Mr. Escalante encounters some opposition to direction calculus from Mr.Molina, the principal and Raquel Ortega, a teacher. Mr. Molina is the principal of Garfield High School played by Carmen Argenziano. Mr. Molina laughs at Mr. Escalantes idea of teaching calculus, but he supports him when the program gets under way. Raquel Ortega, played by Virginia Paris, is not as righ t-hand as Mr. Molina and she enquirys the abilities of the students many another(prenominal) different times throughout the movie. The students in the movie atomic number 18 very important and there be many that be important to the movie. Angel Guzman, played by Lou Diamond Phillips, is the tough guy of the school that chooses to cut dissever with his fellow gang members.Mr. Escalante reaches out to him and through the movie we encounter his transition into superstar of the brighter students while maintaining his gangster image. Ana Delgado, played by Vanessa Marquez, is the quiet girl that happens to be brilliant. She is almost obligate to drop out of school so she can work at her familys restaurant full time, but Mr. Escalante intervenes and convinces her go to allow her to come back to school. Pancho, played by get out Gotay, is the least smart student in the class and lets everyone know it. He considers not taking the calculus class to preferably work at a factory a nd make money, but again Mr.Escalante convinces him to take the class and he passes the AP exam along with all the others. Lupe Escobar, played by Ingrid Oliu, deals with a great deal of responsibility at home and we put through that she is responsible for getting her little brothers and sisters to bed and preparing her fathers lunch. The other important characters in the movie atomic number 18 the agents from the ETS (Educational Testing Service). Dr. Ramirez, played by Andy Garcia, and Dr. Pearson, played by Rif Hutton, are sent to Garfield to investigate the possibility of Mr. Escalantes students cheating.The ETS suspects the students cheated because of irregularities in the test, which they say many times in the movie, but they still come transfer as bad guys and Mr. Escalante however threatens Dr. Ramirez. Economic Culture The economic polish of these students was displayed throughout the movie to show that they came from hapless families and neighborhoods. When people we re trying to sell their goods on the street, such as bags of apples and having a taco stand, it was a symbol of a way of life and how people time-tested to survive. It was a traditional ritual for vendors to fill the streets in order to make money.Another symbol of their poor economic elaboration was stealing, such as when Mr. Escalante came out to his elevator car and found his stereo gone. While outsiders may view the students as thieves, they personally saw it as a way of life, and doing whatever was necessary to get money. The culture of the work was displayed in the students as they had to help their families in restaurants, fix cars, and tend to the needs of children. Ana had to help with her familys restaurant. Mr. Escalante visited the restaurant to talk with Anas father. Unfortunately, her father did not take into consideration that Ana could excel in life with a college education.The father thought that since everyone else was working in the restaurant, Ana would be fi ne working there too. She fixed to drop out, but ended up rejoining the class. One of the students, Pancho, was skilled in auto mechanics. His uncle offered him a job on the weekends operating a forklift that would have paid time and a half. This would have been a good money maker for him and his family, and making money was a big deal in the culture of these families. Since this conflicted with the class meeting time on Saturday, he thought nigh dropping out of the class. Mr. Escalante showed Pancho how he could go beyond merely fixing cars.One of the ways this was through was through showing Pancho technology that designed cars. Mr. Escalante told him that he could go to college and make more money designing cars. Mr. Escalante likewise took Pancho on an eye-opening drive. When Pancho had to make a end active which way to go, he yelled go right, go right. Mr. Escalante continued straight and replied all you conform to is the turn you dont see the road ahead. When Jaime Esca lante first agreed to teach at the school, he was expecting to teach computer science. He arrived on the first day of school to produce that there were no computers in the school due to lack of funding.Since he could not teach that class, he ended up teaching math. Mr. Escalante himself had a vie with the economical culture within his family. He chose to teach, which was a low paying job in that neighborhood. He could have found a better job which paid more, but he chose to teach these students because he believed in them. Political Culture As in every school system, there is a semipolitical structure among the staff. Jaime Escalante had to go through higher authorities to get permission to teach calculus, have additional meeting times for the class, and encourage the students to take the exam.They reluctantly gave him permission, although no one believed that he would be able to teach these students. The political culture gave higher ranked officials in the school the power. Whe n Jaime brought up the thought of teaching calculus, he was laughed at. When the idea was finally considered, the department chair was upset that her objections were not listened to, and she left. She had mentioned that the students could not handle being taught calculus, and she said that what little self confidence they had would be shattered.Jaime Escalante wanted to challenge the political culture of the school to change the way things had been handled historically. The authorities in the schools political structure had been worried about their students low test scores, but Mr. Escalante was the one who took action towards that. The graffiti on the side of a building that said we are not a nonage was a symbol of their struggle in life and how they are viewed as outsiders. The students in the movie were oppressed, and ended up being motivated to press it.As Paulo Freire mentions in Pedagogy of the Oppressed, they oppressed will not gain this liberation by chance but through the praxis of their quest for it, through their recognition of the necessity to fight for it (45). They wanted to show that they were just as capable of achieving goals as people of other ethnicities. Through taking the AP calculus test, they were able to do just that. brotherly Culture There are instances of social culture throughout Stand and Deliver. We see heathenish symbols like the language used by the characters and the environment.The cultural rituals are shown in the characters homes and at school. The cultural ideology is seen in the attitudes of the students and the attitudes of the faculty. The social solidarity exists between the students and Mr. Escalante. Stand and Deliver takes place in East Los Angeles and there is a great deal of cultural symbols within the community. East Los Angeles is a Hispanic community and we see that in the movie because there are many instances of Spanish enunciateing by characters throughout the movie. Mr. Escalantes first day in class sh ows that he has five or six students that do not even speak side and Mr.Escalante gives them Spanish instructions. When Mr. Escalante and his wife eat at a restaurant owned by a family of one of his students they say mucho gusto to her father, which in English means pleased to meet you. Mr. Escalante not only teaches math at the high school, but he teaches English to Spanish-speaking adults in the evenings and there are many people in his class. Even one of the agents from the ETS in the movie speaks Spanish telling them that he came from their neighborhood. The environment of East Los Angeles is full of symbols that deal with the culture of the characters.We see a pinata store and even see a man pushing a taco cart. These symbols deal with the Hispanic culture, but there is other culture for these students and that is one of being poor. We see in the movie graffiti everywhere and the buildings are rundown with fading paint. Mr. Escalantes stereo is stolen from his car and we see the secretary reporting a theft to a police officer. It is terrible, but these are cultural symbols for this neighborhood. The cultural rituals we witness in this movie are seen at school and in the characters interactions at home.A great deal of the movie takes place in the classroom because Mr. Escalante makes his students show up an hour azoic for school and stay late everyday and he even makes them come in on Saturdays. This changed the idea of school for many of these students that were used to slacking off in school. The students are part of this ritual because they want to pass the AP exam and Mr. Escalante expects them to show up. We witness the students taking quizzes everyday and having a quiz every Friday. They even come to school during the summer for five hours each day.At home we see one students ritual. She is responsible for getting the kids to be bed because her father works at night and her arrive works during the day. We see her pack her father a meal, tell him goodbye, put the kids to bed just as her mother gets home, and as she tries to do her homework her mother tells her to turn out the light so she can sleep. This is her ritual every night. The cultural ideology in this carry is shown by the students and faculty. Many of these students do not take Mr. Escalante seriously because they do not think they can make anything of themselves. One of Mr.Escalantes students is almost forced to drop out of school so she can work in her familys restaurant full-time. Her fathers ideology is shown when he tells Mr. Escalante that she cannot go to college or finish high school and that no one else in her family went far in school and they are doing fine. The facultys ideology in this movie is quite frightening. When Mr. Escalante brings up the idea of teaching calculus, the principal laughs out loud at him because he does not think that these students have the skills to take calculus. He also has many interactions with another teacher that eternall y tells Mr.Escalante that these kids do not have the capability to do well and when the class is suspected of cheating she does not doubt for a second that they did it. The social solidarity in this movie exists between Mr. Escalante and his students. Mr. Escalante works together with his students to teach them calculus and pass the AP exam. He develops a bond with these kids and constantly tries to motivate them to believe that they can do it. Many of these kids come from broken homes and in taking an interest in their life it really makes a unlikeness when you are getting them to learn (Teaching Today).They show up for extra hours to learn from Mr. Escalante because they believe him when he tells them they can do it. Mr. Escalante is forever and a day there for them when they need him. When one of his students is told to drop out of school, he talks her father into letting her come back and in the end we see how much they like him when they present him with a gift for all that he had done for them. Since he believed in them, they believed in him. Historical Culture Historically, the culture is challenged by Mr. Escalante throughout the entire movie.He comes to teach at a high school where they do not expect much from their students and he completely changes that. He tells the faculty to allow him to teach calculus, which had never been taught at their high school before. He makes his students come to summer school, which had previously only been open for students who were behind in their classes. He constantly challenges the practices of this school and he succeeds in his challenges by expecting a great deal from these kids and not allowing them to give up because of their ethnicity or where they come from.In keeping the standards high for his students he is the first to really challenge them and make them work hard, which is why he is so successful (Teaching Today). His constant motivation was the payoff of his attitude towards these students that they could succeed regardless of their background, which is why he was such an effective teacher (McCormack-Larkin, 410). Mr. Escalante did not let the past dictate what he did with his students. The most important thing that he did change was making these students think about making something of their life.He was able to encourage the students to learn by the styles of his teaching. He was able to interest them in the subject. It is a teachers infectious enthusiasm for acquire itself, as much as the students own curiosity about the teachers subject, that is apt to captivate a student (Banner 11). radical Thinking This thinking by Mr. Escalante was revolutionary. He went against what everyone was saying and completely changed the way these kids thought about themselves. Paulo Friere speaks of revolution as, an equal effort by both sides leader and people not one more than the other (Friere, 129).Mr. Escalante is the leader and the students are the people because he presents his idea o f teaching calculus and they follow him. What I lettered Stand and Deliver was an excellent film and has really impacted the way in which I will teach when I become a teacher. Mr. Escalante always expected his students to do well even when others told him they could not. I feel that in teaching we have to expect our students to succeed if we want to be effective. It is my responsibility to comport my expectations to these students and encourage them to achieve this success.Another lesson I have learned from Stand and Deliver is to work hard in the classroom, but have fun while you are doing it. By having fun you build relationships with students and building relationships is very important in reaching students, especially those that are disadvantaged (Teaching Today). I will also phone to constantly use dialogue with my students because dialogue is used to learn and know (Freire, 17). Academic Expectations pic Jaime Escalante was a math teacher and throughout the movie he met man y of Kentuckys Academic Expectations.Sarah is going into the field of Elementary Education and all of these Academic Expectations are going to be met by her as well. Program of Studies Dennis will be teaching at the high school level just like Mr. Escalante, but he will be teaching History instead of Math. Both will have to deal with Program of Studies and one that meets the needs of both is SS-H-WG-CS-4 (Teaching Tools). This Program of Studies states that students will analyze how regions and places can have distinct cultural characteristics (Teaching Tools). Mr.Escalante was from the same place as his students and knew all about the culture of East Los Angeles and how it was mostly Hispanic. While this did not necessarily deal with his teaching of math it dealt with his ability to interact with the students. Core Content for Assessment As an Elementary school teacher, Sarah will be responsible for each content area, but social studies relates promptly to Dennis as he is teaching history. The core content area of social studies section SS-E-2. 1. 2 which says Elements of culture (e. g. language, music, art, dress, food, stories, folktales) serve to define specific groups and may result in unique perspectives, relates directly to the students in Stand and Deliver (Teaching Tools). The students had to accept how their culture stood out from the surrounding areas. When they were accused of cheating on the test, they knew that their culture was perceive differently than if they would have been Caucasians. New Teacher Standard As Kentucky teachers, Sarah and Dennis will have to meet certain standards when teaching and in watching Stand and Deliver we witnessed a very important standard.New Teacher Standard 2 Creates/ Maintains Learning Climate, which states that, The teacher creates a learning climate that supports the development of student abilities to use dialogue skills, apply core concepts, become self-sufficient individuals, become responsible team membe rs, think and solve problems, and integrate knowledge (New Teacher Standards). Mr. Escalante gets the most out of his students because his classroom is a very effective climate. He supports them by constantly encouraging them and holding them accountable in everything they do. Bibliography Banner Jr. James M. and Harold C. Cannon. The Elements of Teaching. New oasis Yale University Press, 1997. Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York Continuum, 2000. McCormack-Larkin, Maureen. Change in Urban Schools. Journal of Negro Education 54 (3) (1985) 409-415. New Teacher Standards. Educational Professional Standards Board. 21 Oct. 2005. . Stand and Deliver. Dir. Ramon Menendez. Perf. Edward James Olmos and Lou Diamond Phillips. Warner Bros. , 1988. Teaching Today Weekly Tips. Glencoe Online. 15 Oct. 2005. . Teaching Tools. Kentucky Department of Education. 21 Oct. 2005. .

Option and Major Studios

FIN 4414 Financial focussing Spring 2009 Arundel Case Assignment Due March 23, 2009 Case Arundel Partners The Sequel Project, HBS, Case 9-292-140, Revised 12/92. Main Question Is $2million per movie a fair price? wherefore or why not? Additional Questions 1. Provide a brief overview of the proposed venture. Clearly describe the relevant time line. 2. Why do the proponents of this venture believe that Arundel Partners thunder mug make money buying movie sequel rights? Why do they propose buying a portfolio of rights instead than negotiating the purchase price on a film-by-film basis?Why do they propose to purchase the sequel rights at t=0 (before the first film is released) rather than at t=1? 3. Assuming a discount roll of 12% (risk free rate of 6% and a risk premium of 6%) calculate the NPV for either the sequels. Use the expected blackball costs and the expected revenues assumption in Table 7. 4. Using the decision-tree approach, calculate the per-movie survey of the se quel rights to the inviolate portfolio of 99 movies released in 1989 by the six major studios. . Assume that a maximum of ten sequels can be made in any given year. Using the same decision-tree approach, what would you estimate to be the per-movie place of the sequel rights to the entire portfolio of 99 movies released in 1989 by the six major studios? 6. Using the Black-Scholes approach, calculate the per-movie value of the sequel rights to the entire portfolio of 99 movies released in 1989 by the six major studios. Assume once once again that there is no maximum to the number of sequels that can be made in a given year). You must provide details of how you estimated the inputs to the B-S formula. a. Asset value b. Exercise price c. Volatility of asset returns d. beat to maturity e. Risk-free rate HINT Note that the time to maturity of the options is when uncertainty is resolved not necessarily when the sequel is made. The asset value is what you will get if you employmentd t he option to make the sequel.Again theatrical role average values for all the sequels. Similarly use the average value of the cost to make the sequels for the exercise price. Estimating standard deviation is a little trickier. Note that you do not have past training on returns to each sequel to estimate volatility for a sequel. However, you have information on a portfolio of sequels and you know the returns to these sequels and you could use these to estimate a standard deviation based on a crosswise of returns (DO NOT USE PRICE LEVELS).Also the standard deviation should be based on all 99 sequels that is it should be based on the entire distribution. 7. Carry out a sensitivity synopsis of the value of the option to the values of the underlying asset, exercise price, and volatility. 8. What problems or disagreements would you expect Arundel and a major studio to encounter in the course of a relationship like the one described in the geek? What contractual terms and provisions should Arundel insist on?

Intensive Mothering

Other writers, like Sharon Hays, mount descriptions of American m otherwiseing that implicitly criticize some of the facets of adherence pargonnting. After filming these authors pieces alongside the work of adhesiveness parenting prop geniusnts Like Lauren Lindsey Porter, William and Martha Sears, and Katie Allison Grange, do you moot that the critics condemnation of addendum parenting Is fair? Does AP place unjustifiable demands on women? Why or why non? Questions to Ponder Is onlyiance parenting synonymous with intensive mothering? Why or why non?Do you think supplement parenting constantly entails the type of parenting the authors criticize, or might aspects of holdfast parenting in fact work against intensive mothering? Is the rise of appendix parenting to blame for the stressful nature of motherhood in contemporary American society, or are other social structures at fault (e. G. Lack of maternity/family leave, lack of subsidized public pip-squeakcare options, et c. )? Are the practice sessions AP promotes (co- reliefing, breastfeeding, and barreling, for example) baffling? Are they Incompatible with paid work?How does social class Influence the practice of attachment parenting, and do the authors myopically focus on the middle/upper-middle classes? Why do you think attachment parenting has been targeted as an object of criticism? Note that I do non expect you to answer all of these questions Im including them entirely to give you a sense of some of the directions you might take with your Format and Specifications In an approximately 4-5 page (1200-1500 word) paper, make a fill about whether or not you believe the critique of AP levied by the critics Is a fair and reasonable unitary, and why.The why Is as Important If not more Important than the stance Itself, and should runaway a part in your actual claim, so that your claim is not merely the critique Your claim should be clear yet robust, and contestable, and you should draw on at e ast 2-3 of our in-class readings (note that you may use the legitimate and Blades and Rowe-Finickier readings on paid work and mothering as well) to support it. You should similarly cite at least one source that we remove not read together as a class (more on that later), for a minimum of 3-4 sources.All of the papers you write for this class should adhere to MEAL occurlines both(prenominal) for citations (which will be parenthetical) and for the flora cited page. You need not include works Vive given you to read for this course in your works cited page, alone you should al shipway put any orthogonal sources that you cite on your works cited page. Please refer to your syllabus for specifications on margins, font, font size, and word count Outside Sources The following links might prove to be useful in learning more about the theory and practice of attachment parenting, and may slide by you to other sources as well.I will generally accept any of the information on these gr ades as credible sources on attachment parenting as it is perceived by its adherents. Www. Disenfranchisements. Org (official website of Attachment Parenting International Group) www. Wisped. Org (note that I dont normally encourage the use of Wisped for academic research, besides TTS entry on AP is actually quite accu regularize and helpful also contains links to other sites) www. Saddlers. Com (more from William Sears) www. Gastrointestinalu. Com (this is Granges blob you can also link too list of her essays and articles from here) www. Naturalistic. Mom (the site on which the Porter reading appears explores AP from a Natural Family Living perspective) www. Mothering. Com (website for Mothering magazine, an AP/NFG publication contains numerous articles and hosts the largest discussion board on the web regarding attachment parenting issues) If you energise questions or concerns about a source you in lam to use, and whether it is reliable, touch sensation free to ask me my opi nion. You will have more time and opportunity to refine your use of outside sources during the revision stage, but you should make a reasonable attempt to flesh out your evidence in this draft.Rhea Shawnee English Paper I-Draft Parenthood can often be extremely overwhelming and demanding. Putting by your entire life and giving up e very(prenominal)thing to satisfy the needs of your muck up is not an easy or poses a huge responsibility on parents. In my opinion, the critiques condemnation of attachment parenting is not fair. I believe that the concept of attachment is reasonable and infant necessary for infants to develop into skilled, independent and mature individuals who share a strong emotional bond with their parents.First and foremost, it is essential to know what Attachment parenting is all about? It is an approach of procreation kidren who are well connected to their parents rather than a strict set of rules. A common misconception that pack have is considering intensive mothering to be a synonym for attachment parenting. Intensive mothering is based on the idea of completely sacrificing your needs and desires and devoting our life to your child or in other words letting your child dictate your life.Most of the articles such as DRP. Laurels neighborhood focuses on the extreme extent people go to in order to raise their child in the perfect way. The author in a rather mordant tone aims to make the readers realize that even in the sasss and asss parents raised babies who turned out to be honest fine without the concern that they arent spending enough time with their kids and needing to demonstrate in countless ways each and everyday that you very, really love your child.It lays emphasis on the fact that if you re unable to provide technologically advanced gadgets like Baby-Be-Safe Crib sheet or video surveillance cameras to keep a get hold off on the nanny looking after your foul up or electronic monitors to check the babies heart rate even be fore he is born you are considered an incompetent parent.Attachment parenting on the other hand means possibility your mind and heart to the individual needs of your baby and letting your knowledge of your child be your guide to making on the spot decisions about what works best for both the mother and child, that is learning read the cues of your baby and responding appropriately to those uses. It encourages parents to find out which parenting style fits their lifestyle in the best way and veer what does not work for them. As sears says, Like any Journey, parenting requires adjustments along the way. Attachment parenting does not pose undue demands on women in the sense that it is not compelling you to do all the seven Baby Bis and universe practical and realistic, if not impossible it is extremely difficult to do everything that is recommended. It mainly advises you to incorporate whatever makes the inter-group communication between you and your child stronger in your day to ay routine. Attachment parenting does not expect parents to spend 24 hours of a day Just attending to your child, instead its the quality of time during which you are able to develop a tactile propertying of trust and make your baby feel that he/she can rely on you for his needs.A frequently asked question that people have is wont the constant nursing and attention giving to your child be snarled? People feel tied down with the seven Bis of attachment parenting and might consider them to be challenging. However, some(prenominal) attachment parents after being interviewed stated, l feel so connected with y baby. l feel aright when with her, not right when were apart. l feel fulfilled. The seven Bis of baby wearing include, breastfeeding, balance, beware of baby wearing and birth bonding. Attachment parenting is a very typical way of parenting and all these practices have been honorable all over the world for hundreds of years single recently these practices have been termed together as attachment parenting. Though some people may consider the seven Baby Bis to be highly problematic if they are working mothers but as stated earlier, it is not mandatory to follow all seven of them. For instance, I feel breastfeeding is essential for the health of the baby, moreover, Current studies show that babies who are breast fed tend to be healthier, more secure and even score higher on IQ testsIn addendum the bond between breastfeeding mom and baby tends to help form a secure attachment for the baby as he or she grows. Breastfeeding also tends to be an economical choice for many families. A British study of 36 middle-class mothers and their three-year-olds found that securely-attached children scored 12 points higher on the Stanford-Bines intelligence test than did insecurely attached children (Crandall and Hobnobs 1999). Since research has proven that breastfeeding is vital for healthier growth of babies I think it would be unjust for those babies who are not breast-fed.Another topic that is highly debated over is whether a baby should co-sleep or not? question has come to a conclusion that co sleeping reduces stress and anxiety levels among babies as they sleep in a safe and sound environment closing curtain to their parents. Co-sleeping may be a stress-reducer as well. A British study reports that children (aged 3-8) who slept in their parents rooms showed lower daily levels of the stress hormone cortical (Wentworth 2007).Its is argued upon by people who say that it may be dangerous for the baby to sleep on the same deal as the parent and co sleeping may be spoiling the baby as it would not make him independent and the baby needs to learn how to sleep alone at some point. However, co-sleeping does not mean that the baby has to sleep on the same bed as the parent. The baby can sleep anywhere in the same room as the parents or in a crib right next to the parents bed it would still be considered co sleeping.The main idea is for the bab y to be close to the parents so that the parents can easily tend to the baby if needed. If pondered upon, intensive mothering is much more problematic in comparison to attachment parenting. Intensive mothering is Judging your capability as a mother on the butt of your ability to afford expensive and luxurious products. In that sense it can be said that attachment parenting is reasonable, as at least it is not expecting parents to go over the top to raise their child.All Attachment parenting is inquire parents to do is treating your child with love and affection and to getting to know your child better. Which part of that is unreasonable or unfair for mothers? A child is not a machine it is not inbuilt with functions neither goes it come into this wide world prepared to react to all the situations it is faced with. Parents need to understand what is going on the babies mind and respond accordingly. This can only be possible if the parent spends enough time with their baby. If paren ts are unable to find some time out they should not to have a baby.As critiques put it, attachment parenting may pose undue demands on women, as she is the sole person who can provide the engaging of care, love and attention that the baby is unable to devote herself to her babies needs when he/she needs it the most she is not ready for the challenges of motherhood. In western cultures, it is not an obligation for a married couple to have children. If both parents are professionals and have chosen their career over their family, it would be a wiser option not to have babies, as there is no point raising a child who is going to be neglected.In some(prenominal) parts of the world such as India, it is almost mandatory for a married couple to have children or else the family members along with the society raise questions and the mother is expected to leave everything aside and raise the baby. This is very customary in India, as my own grandfather did not let my mother continue with her equines, as he wanted her sole attention to be on raising her children. Therefore, a majority of the Indian babies are attachment parented. However, in countries like America, no one is putting a gun to your cope to have a baby.It is entirely the couples choice. Therefore, in conclusion, the fact remains that every individual is unique and one parenting style cannot fit everyone. I feel that a majority of the critiques who tend to criticize attachment parenting dont really understand what attachment parenting is all about, So many studies show that if you meet the needs of a child when shes nouns, she will grow into becoming more independent. Attachment parenting is a broad parenting style that promotes seven ways to get connected with your baby.Moreover, attachment parenting is exactly what has been practiced all over the world for years only now its been given a name the only change that has occurred is that there has been a significant profit in the number of working mothers. Attachment parenting is criticized because it is thought to pose strenuous demands on working mothers but it is always possible to try to mix and match parenting style and figure out what works for them. It is not setting out a strict set of rules to raise a baby and above all it is because of its flexibility why I feel attachment parenting is fair and reasonable.

Employee Empowerment and Motivation Essay

Employee empowerment is the process of enabling or authorizing an individual to think, behave, take action, and control work and decision making in autonomous ways. It is the state of feeling self-empowered to take control of ones avow destiny (Heathfield, n.d., 1). In other words, giving the employees the power and ability to aim decisions that affect non only their de disassociatement exactly the partnership as a whole as well. Empowerment has become an increasingly used human macrocosms resources (HR) catchphrase when analyzing the corporate world of today. Empowerment of the employees john increase employee morale, improve federation performance, and improve employee relations, further is not an overnight process. All levels of employees, supervisors, and executive concern have to work together and be properly prepared in order to sham an empowerment political program successful. ameliorate Employee MoraleIn many other(prenominal) a(prenominal) corporate organiz ations, the lower level employees much feel unappreciated and underutilized. Often, employees can feel like skillful another number, destined to do the same thing day after day with all decisions being made by upper management. When companies adopt an employee empowerment approach, these feelings can be reduced or hitherto eliminated. Allowing, and even mandating employees to have a say in company decisions makes them feel significant to the success of the company. Employees deprivation to be heard and they want their opinions to matter. The most effective morale booster is for an employee to see his or her theme become a company policy. When this happens, the employee feels more valued and being recognized as an important alter part to the company.Improving Company PerformanceAnother benefit of employee empowerment programs is usually a noticeable improvement in company performance. The simple explanation for this fact is that employees who are most familiar with the day-a fter-day processes have the best hands on knowledge to be able to implement educated changes and improvements to those processes. Often, many members of management and the corporate officers are hired into their crinkles based on education and experience with other companies they often never worked their way up within the current company and have therefore, never experienced the day-by-day processes. Therefore, decisions made by those officers are often solely based on hypothetical situations and projected wage they are often so focused on the bigger picture that they overlook the details. However, when the employees performing the job are asked to make decisions, they look at from the bottom and up and take those forgotten details into consideration.Improving Employee RelationsWhen employees are not involved in company decisions, often they operate within their own confined department. Often, the employees take actions without thinking about the repercussions of their actions to other departments this is done mostly out of lose of converse of what those repercussions might be and not understanding how each process inter-relates. When employees are given the empowerment to make company decisions, it encourages open parley. Once employees know that they are going to be held responsible for their decisions and that those decisions leave alone intrusion the whole company, they will take the time to work with other departments to investigate how things affect the company as a whole. This serves to not only achieve better decision making but also opens lines of communication and strengthens the company feeling of being more of a family unit.Making Preparations For Employee EmpowermentAlthough employee empowerment seems like a simple concept, it cannot be implemented without preparation. All levels of employees within the company mustiness be prepared and in agreement with the idea in order to make it work. Expectations must be communicated from the top mos t levels of management down to the base employees and vice versa in order for empowerment to work.Flat OrganizationOne of the first steps in successful employee empowerment programs is the flattening of the organization structure and its organizational chart. When the organization has too many decision makers and not enough line employees, conflict is inevitable and empowerment will not be successful. This change in organization may include the restructure of elimination of jobs to eliminate the dictatorial chain of command and study all employees closer to the result. This transference of responsibility to the employees allows management to focus on other things such as researching new ideas and processes that are presented by the employees.Employee and Management ResistanceWhenever a company adopts an employee empowerment program, impedance from all levels is expected. executive program and Management level employees will often resist empowerment programs because they feel are giving up control that they worked hard to achieve. The human nature to enjoy a feeling of control and empowerment threatens that control. Supervisors and managers must be counseled in advance to make sure that they understand that their input is still crucial and important and that empowerment of their employees will be for the betterment of all parts of the company.One would think that employees would jump at the chance to participate in employee empowerment programs. However, many employees often balk at the opportunity. They often lack the self-confidence to make decisions they know will affect the whole company. Others believe that empowerment is just another word to justify piling more responsibility on the employees. According to Abrahamson (2004) in which he discussed how organizations can go through change overload and how employees can experience change fatigue and burnout. To prevent this, employees must be convinced of the positive effects of employee empowerment. The co mpany must strive to make the employees understand that the program is being implemented because the company values their experience and opinions and truly values their input. learningOften, both management and employee resistance is caused by the feeling the employees do not have the knowledge needed to make the proper decisions for the company. Education is the key answer to this fear. By educating the employees about the company as a whole and the operations of those immaterial of their own department, confidence in the employees decisions is heightened. Education about the empowerment process in general will also help to quell fears by clearly defining everyones role within the company following the changes so that everyone knows what is expected of them and is confident with their future within the company.ConclusionEmployee empowerment is an important part of the successful operation of todays organizations. By allowing the employees to have in aninput in company decisions no t only lifts their morale, but more use of their experience and knowledge with day-to-day operations to make better decisions. This allows the company to service their clients better and ensure the continued success of the company within their market. Companies feel to start empowerment programs should take the time to educate employees completely and discuss the program benefits with all employees at all levels. This will help ensure that all employees are committed to the program and to ensure its success.ReferencesAbrahamson, E. (2004), switch Without Pain. Boston Harvard Business School Press, Retrieved April 4, 2009 from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Trends-in-Organizational-Change.html.Heathfield, S.M. (n.d.). Human resources Employee empowerment. Retrieved April 4, 2009 from http//humanresources.about.com/od/glossarye/a/empowerment_def.htm.

History of Special Education Law Essay

Education is beyond query an valuable aspect of life. by dint of breeding, an individual develops his talent and acquires knowledge that is necessary in below(a)standing any aspects of life. Apart from that, education is the very stage at which one develops his discernment as to what is good and what is non. more(prenominal) importantly, values ar strongly built up through education and through the educational institutions. Since education has a wide-reaching worth, it has significantly become a way of life. It is noneworthy that pay to education has undergone a battle, curiously in the aspect of particular education.The disenable children were usually not afforded with their right to have adequate education. Eventually, the legislations such(prenominal) as Education for All disable Children displace (EHA) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( psyche) were enacted. The Venn diagram illustrates the similarities and the differences of the laws in umpt een aspects. Although the laws are meant merely to address similar problem on education of children with disabilities, many changes have been introduced in the amendment.Notably, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) was enacted in 1975 and was amended as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990 (Wilson, 1996). Similarly, both the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) were enacted to address the problem in education. Notably, before these laws were enacted, the educational system in the country was concentrated scarce on regular students and on regular educational system.Many students having disabilities were not precondition much attention in the educational institutions because of the inadequacy if programs and facilities that will address the disabled students needs. After the development in the political and social aspect of the ordering in the 50s and 60s, educational acts addressing the needs of the disabled students were enacted. Both acts were primarily rivet on providing education to special students. It was referred to as special, because the students have special disabilities that hinder them from grasping the knowledge or the lessons being taught to them.Through the laws, special students were provided with equal opportunity to education. However, before a student is afforded the education under the programs, the students are evaluated by a team. Remarkably, the disabilities involved must involve deafness, deaf-blindedness, difficulty of hearing, mental retardation, multiple handicap, orthopedical impairment, other health impairment, serious emotional disturbance, specific learning disabilities, speech impairment, and visual impairment (EricDigests. Org, 2009).Furthermore, under both Acts, the parents are afforded with right to contest the decision of the evaluating team or schools as to the condition of their child. Through dispute res olutions, the parents have administrative remedy of questioning the decision of the schools as to the requirement and the acceptance or non-acceptance of their children. The aim of providing dispute resolution at in the administrative level is to alleviate the costs of litigation that are usually brought in the judicial branch.However, both laws have differences in many areas. Through the amendment of the Handicapped Children Act by the IDEA, many amendments were introduced. As to legibility of the child, the EHA allows children from 3-5 years-old while IDEA allows children from 3-9 years-old. The education provided by IDEA extends to a child until reaching the age of 21. With regard to evaluation group that identifies whether a child passes the qualifications, the EHA involves only one teacher and specialist having knowledge about the disability (Ericdigest.Org, 2009).However, under the IDEA, the evaluation process continues with the forming of the individualise Education Program (IEP) team that assesses the educational needs of the child (Knoblauch). The evaluation and assessment made by the IEP must be known by the parents of the child evaluated and the parents are also encouraged to participate in forming the program needed by their child. Apart from that, regular teachers are also required to participate in the IEP team (Knoblauch). Another area of differences is the range of the law.The inclusion of infants and toddlers is expressly provided in the IDEA but not in EHA. The IDEA provides for the intervention and pre-school services wherein schools participate in the transition planning conference for disabled toddlers entering pre-school (Knoblauch). The IDEA supports the idea that intervention is the payor of the last resort (Knoblauch). Under this idea, As to requirement of teachers, EHA does not explicitly provided for strict qualifications of teachers teaching children with disabilities.But, under the IDEA, a highly-qualified teacher is required. Th e criteria demands that a teacher has been fully adept and certified in special education or has passed the special education licensure exams and that the teacher must launch knowledge in all subjects (Stewart and Stahlman, 1998). In addition, teachers and personnel under the IDEA are afforded with trainings needed in improving the system and in assuring that the students are afforded with quality education. It is also noteworthy that students are given more attention in IDEA than in EHA.During the existence of EHA, the students with disabilities were provided of limited educational resources. However, in IDEA, students are assessed every three months (Knoblauch). Remarkably, one of the unique features of IDEA is the evaluating the needs of the student in a least Restrictive Environment (LRE) (Knoblauch). Through the LRE, the child is isolated in an environment that is fully focused only in his needs. In a case of a deaf, for example, the child is isolated from meaningful social a nd converse interaction (Stewart and Stahlman, 1998).The amendments introduced by the IDEA have greatly changed the education system. The participation of parents has been an important factor in IDEA. In EHA, the responsibility of training and evaluating the child was bestowed mainly upon the teacher and the special education institutions. But under IDEA, the parents are informed of the results of the evaluation of their child and are involved in the formation of programs that will be given to their child. In addition, parents also participate in the placement evaluation of the child (Knoblauch).Hence, parents contribute an important role in the placement decision that affects the education of their child. In summing up, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is both aimed in addressing the needs of the childrens with disabilities as to their learning capacities. Through the contract disabilities, the childre n usually find difficulty in grasping the knowledge being taught to them.Apart from that, they were deprived of their right to adequate education because of the inadequacy of the educational program that will fully address their problem. However, through the picture of the said acts, special students are now given equal and free education that is responsive to their special needs. The said acts however, have significant differences. The IDEA, amending the EHA, has introduced significant changes that are wider in scope and guarantees.