Scarlet letter Essays

Dolls House/Scarlet letter Essays Dolls House/Scarlet letter Paper Dolls House/Scarlet letter Paper Paper Topic: A Dolls House The Scarlet Letter Frequently, other than depicting the dynamic changing character direct, creators will entwine a specific item that represents the hero over the span of the story. A couple genuine instances of this can be demonstrated utilizing Nathanial Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House. While both have various images, the two of them depict the ladies heroes in the story, its implications changing after some time. For The Scarlet Letter, the hero Hester Prynnes image is the letter A sewn onto her dress while in A Dolls House, Nora Helmers image is the Christmas tree her family gets for these special seasons. In the start of the book, every image implies a certain something, while toward the finish of the story it takes on a totally new significance, nearly the inverse. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynnes representative letter A holds an altruistic significance before the finish of the story, while toward the starting that was a long way from, to some degree inverse, of what it should mean. Miscreant. Blamed for submitting infidelity while sitting tight years for her significant other to get back home to her, a red letter An is weaved upon the chest of Hester. In the start of the novel, truth be told, the letter is portrayed as an unpalatable token of disgrace that stands apart on her chest while she is remaining upon the platform for the entire world to see her. What's more, when she is holding her child before her, proof of her purported wrongdoing, it is said that one token of her disgrace would yet ineffectively serve to conceal another. From the earliest starting point of the novel, depicted as the wearer of the red letter rather than her name Hester, the letter came to characterize her and caused her to lose the various parts of herself. Over the span of the story, occasions continually happen to help her to remember the red letter she despicably appears to hold up under. In one moment at Governor Bellinghams house when her little girl is seeing some defensive layer, Hester sees that it resembles a curved mirror and the red letter was spoken to in overstated and colossal extents, in order to be significantly the most noticeable element or her appearance. In another piece of the story, Hesters girl Pearl begins gathering bunches of wild roses, and hurling them, individually, at her moms chest; moving all over, similar to a little mythical being, at whatever point she hit the red letter. Once more, to Hester it is another second continually helping her to remember what she did. The change all beginnings in Chapter thirteen, called Another View of Hester, the title alone foretelling an adjustment in significance of the image. The image not just gets overlooked and ignored; it turns out to be practically consecrated and represents somebody of a higher status. Portrayed with a constructive undertone, sparkling in its fabulous weaving, the letter is presently a recognizable article to the townspeople. Hester turned into a comfort in times of dire need; one to help those out of luck, feed poor people, and fix the debilitated. Capable. In A Dolls House, what Nora experiences is practically inverse of what happens to Hester. While Hester gradually builds her status in the public eye, Nora Helmer decays alongside the Christmas tree over the span of the short play. This is obviously observed by analyzing minute portrayals, stage bearings and away from delineations of both Nora and the Christmas tree. The tree is to some degree referenced in each scene, impassively out of sight of where the move is making place. From the earliest starting point of the play, when the doorman is helping her get the tree, to all through the play when she is gradually improving the tree gradually, the tree is seen somehow. There is more than one equal among Nora and the tree, representing her mentally, yet truly too. Mentally, as expressed prior, Nora bit by bit turns into a rumpled wreckage, when tension fills her at the idea of her mystery being uncovered by Krogstad, which thus would make Torvald very frantic at her. Supporting this, she is depicted as being separated from everyone else in the room, strolling about precariously. Thus, this is at the point in the story, the start of Act II, when the Christmas tree is likewise portrayed as a sorry chaos. In a corner, it is deprived of its adornments with torched light finishes on its rumpled branches. Moving along to the comparative physical portrayal of Nora and the tree, the conversation of embellishments are fundamental. Most importantly, Nora adorns the tree similarly as Torvald appears to improve and dress her for the gathering. Correspondingly, she denies the youngsters from seeing the tree before it looks lovely with the entirety of its adornments, much the same as she won't let anybody see her in her new dress until the evening of the gathering. Aside from simply the way that Nora and the tree are both just beautified, the genuine decorations can be taken a gander at in a manner to represent her falsehoods she tells. As the tree loses its di cor and excellence, that is how much closer the fact of the matter is getting to being uncovered. On that digression, in the start of the play in Act I, Torvald tells Nora, Keep your little Christmas privileged insights to yourself, my sweetheart. They will all be uncovered to-night when the Christmas tree is lit, no uncertainty. This is the thing that could be the start of where the parallelism among Nora and the tree really begins. Curiously, in spite of the fact that this is before the part where the peruser really thinks about Noras lies and what Krogstad has on her, once thought back upon this part can be viewed as a characterizing starting to the imagery. Despite the fact that the images depicted the primary character in every novel, their implications changed in various ways, one decidedly and the other contrarily. In The Scarlet Letter, the importance emblematic letter A changed from philanderer to capable, childhood Hesters position in the public arena from one of disgrace to one individuals could gaze upward to. Then again, in A Dolls House, the physical condition of the Christmas tree gradually compounds throughout the play, speaking to the decrease of Noras mental state. While one lady had more karma than the other in the way that her image improved, the style of writing as far as imagery that both Hawthorne and Ibsen had were fundamentally the same as.

Art, the voice of individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Workmanship, the voice of individual - Essay Example Administration regulates the exercises of each individual from the general public including craftsmen. Previously, abusive governments debilitated the freedom in expressions. This caused specialists to turn out to be increasingly decided in communicating their works through innovative methods. From history, legislative issues have consistently been in steady clash with the opportunity of articulation which, adventitiously, caused the business to flourish. Through the reactions of governments, expressions have become so praised that today most media houses have an inventive publication on the condition of administration, social government assistance, and even legislative issues inside the social orders they exist in. This unintentionally approves W. Benjamin’s claims that political qualities have prompted the improvement of the current craftsmanship (Arthur 66). Expressions and specialty are articulations of conclusions. This just suggests the two are true and don't require any endorsement from an outsider to be acknowledged as being so. Opportunity accommodates the option to hold and express conclusions on whichever theme overflowing inside the network. Tragically, governmental issues has been one of the most widely recognized subjects inside the general public consequently pulling in more suppositions from the people. Debates lead to the advancement of more assessments from individuals a large portion of which are negative. This clarifies why just disputable pioneers have consistently been against the development and advancement of expressions inside their social orders. A general public, then again, alludes to a gathering of individuals living respectively in a sorted out network. This hence suggests the individuals in a general public offer certain parts of life, for example, culture, standards, and practices. The request gathered to in the meaning of society is imparted by governmental issues. A political framework involves an organized arrangement of characters accused of the administration of a nation or a district. There are various sorts of political structures key among which incorporate majority rule government. Majority rules system alludes to a kind of political framework wherein political pioneers are genuinely chosen from

Why an Essay Writing Service Can Save You Time

Why an Essay Writing Service Can Save You Time An Essay Writing Service is Your Secret Time Management Tool An Essay Writing Service is Your Secret Time Management Tool Have you been feeling bogged down lately with too many tasks and not enough time? Sometimes when you’re in college it can feel like the days are never long enough to complete everything you need to do. A study conducted by Cengage Learning established that 78% of students have struggled with time management at least once. If this sounds like your life, it may be time to consider using an essay writing service to help you with your assignments and papers. Letting someone else take the reigns and do it for you can help save you time in so many ways, you’ll be amazed you didn’t think about this before. Clear up Time For Extracurriculars Instead of spending your nights buried in your readings and textbooks, you can now join that team you didn’t think you had time for, or create that club you’ve been thinking about. Take up that new hobby you’ve been meaning to try and spend some time on personal interests instead of worrying about all of your schoolwork. You Won’t Need to Worry About Due Dates At the beginning of the school year, you’re given all of your due dates and expected to keep track of them so you can complete your papers on time. However, when you use an essay service, all you need to do is submit your request and the date you need it by, and the writers will take care of the rest. Less Studying Means More Sleep According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, not getting enough sleep can affect your ability to stay awake in class, focus on your assignments, and think clearly. You won’t need to engage in any more late night study sessions or all-nighters writing your papers when you let someone else write them, and instead you can go to bed at a reasonable time. You Can Focus on a Part-Time Job One of the biggest time management challenges many university students face is trying to balance a part-time job and their studies. It seems contradictory to spend all your time working hard to pay for school when you need that time to do well, and you can’t pay someone to go to work for you. So why not have your schoolwork taken care of instead? Choose the Best Essay Service For Your Assignments Now that you’ve realized how much time you can save when you hire an academic writer to help you with your assignments, it’s time to pick the perfect company for the job. At Homework Help Global, our team of writers are highly skilled in their respective areas of focus, and have completed high levels of education. This makes us the perfect team for any of your academic needs. Get a free quote now to start solving all of your time management problems. References: AASM. (2017). College students: Getting enough sleep is vital to academic success. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Retrieved from . Strang, T. (2015). Do college students struggle with time management? Cengage Learning. Retrieved from . Why an Essay Writing Service Can Save You Time An Essay Writing Service is Your Secret Time Management Tool An Essay Writing Service is Your Secret Time Management Tool Have you been feeling bogged down lately with too many tasks and not enough time? Sometimes when you’re in college it can feel like the days are never long enough to complete everything you need to do. A study conducted by Cengage Learning established that 78% of students have struggled with time management at least once. If this sounds like your life, it may be time to consider using an essay writing service to help you with your assignments and papers. Letting someone else take the reigns and do it for you can help save you time in so many ways, you’ll be amazed you didn’t think about this before. Clear up Time For Extracurriculars Instead of spending your nights buried in your readings and textbooks, you can now join that team you didn’t think you had time for, or create that club you’ve been thinking about. Take up that new hobby you’ve been meaning to try and spend some time on personal interests instead of worrying about all of your schoolwork. You Won’t Need to Worry About Due Dates At the beginning of the school year, you’re given all of your due dates and expected to keep track of them so you can complete your papers on time. However, when you use an essay service, all you need to do is submit your request and the date you need it by, and the writers will take care of the rest. Less Studying Means More Sleep According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, not getting enough sleep can affect your ability to stay awake in class, focus on your assignments, and think clearly. You won’t need to engage in any more late night study sessions or all-nighters writing your papers when you let someone else write them, and instead you can go to bed at a reasonable time. You Can Focus on a Part-Time Job One of the biggest time management challenges many university students face is trying to balance a part-time job and their studies. It seems contradictory to spend all your time working hard to pay for school when you need that time to do well, and you can’t pay someone to go to work for you. So why not have your schoolwork taken care of instead? Choose the Best Essay Service For Your Assignments Now that you’ve realized how much time you can save when you hire an academic writer to help you with your assignments, it’s time to pick the perfect company for the job. At Homework Help Global, our team of writers are highly skilled in their respective areas of focus, and have completed high levels of education. This makes us the perfect team for any of your academic needs. Get a free quote now to start solving all of your time management problems. References: AASM. (2017). College students: Getting enough sleep is vital to academic success. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Retrieved from . Strang, T. (2015). Do college students struggle with time management? Cengage Learning. Retrieved from .

The Use Of Shug And Celie In Alice Walkers The Color Purple

Loretta Young, an American actress and singer once quoted, â€Å"Love isn’t something you find. Love is something that finds you† (BrainyQuote). Love in the world is something that a person shouldn’t try to find because love should come to one person from another. Celie from Alice Walker’s The Color Purple went through a great deal of mental and physical abuse. Celie saw a picture of a woman who she thought was the most beautiful woman she has ever seen; her name was Shug Avery. When Celie met Shug and eventually got closer to her, she felt many types of love for Shug. Most of the time love can be shown through action, but Shug shown Celie love through endless ways other than her actions. By the end of the novel Shug and Celie’s relationship†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well, sometime Mister git on me pretty hard. I have to talk to Old Maker. But he my husband. I shrug my shoulders. This life soon be over, I say. Heaven last all ways.† (Walker 42). Anytime Mister would physically touch Celie in any way, she would shut up and go along with it. Celie had such a fear of men from when she was younger that she thought that a man should be higher than a woman when in marriage. Celie was forced to marry Mister to tend the children, perform the housework, and to pleasure Mister as a woman. Shug Avery thought Celie was worth so much more than Celie believed she was herself. Shug knew she had to teach Celie how to believe in herself against men and that she isn’t what she thinks men see her as. When living a life like Celie’s, it is important to have someone to talk to. Shug was the person Celie opened up to, when Nettie wasn’t there. As Celie opened up to Shug, she began telling Shug about her marriage with Mister. As Shug begins to listen to Celie about how Mister treats her behind closed doors, Shug grows closer to Celie. Shug begins to give Celie advice about how being a woman means you have to stand up for yourself. When Shug told Mister that she was moving to Tennessee, Mister was livid. Mister started to call Celie ugly names and treated her worthless throughout the lecture of her not being allowed to move to Tennessee. Celie begins to take pleasure in Shug’s advice and stands against Mister and says, â€Å"I’m pore, I’m black, I mayShow MoreRelatedThe Color Purple by Alice Walker926 Words   |  4 PagesThe award-winning novel, â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker, is a story about a woman going through cruel things suc h as: incest, rape, and physical abuse. This greatly written novel comes from a very active feminist author who used many of her own experiences, as well as things that were happening during that era, in her writing. â€Å"The Color Purple† takes place in the early 1900s, and symbolizes the economic, emotional, and social deprivation that African American women faced in Southern statesRead MoreCritical Essay on the Color Purple1343 Words   |  6 PagesWalker’s Purple is Not Just a Color Alice Walker’s epistolary novel The Color Purple demonstrates how the mistreatment of a woman cannot prevent her from fulfilling her destiny. The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Celie, is a young, uneducated black girl who is verbally and sexually abused by her supposed father, Alphonso. He fathers two children with her, kidnapping both and presumably killing one, if not both. Because of the unwarranted trauma, she struggles for the rest of her lifeRead MoreAlice Walker s View Of African Americans1650 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, Alice Walker’s view of African Americans were much different. Alice goes against the general audience of the 19th and 20th century by explaining African American women are strong, independent and equivalent to men. Alice Walker’s grandmother, a young African American whom had been raped by her father, gave birth to two children, and married even though she never loved her husband. Walker’s grandmother is the inspiration for Walker’s protagonist, Celie. Same as her grandmother, Celie is rapedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Color Purple By Alice Walker776 Words   |  4 Pages Alice Walkers rough life growing up, gives us a clear image of how her background impacted the delicate themes she writes about in her novels. For example, at a young age, Walker was insecure about her appearance, which led her to a new mental state of mind. In an interview of Alice by OBrien, she describes, I daydreamed of falling swords, putting guns to my heart or head, and of slashing my wrists. (OBrien). Alice Walkers insecurities led her to be depressed, which then introduced her passionRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker3360 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender† (Yahwon). Alice Walker views herself as a womanist. Although a womanist and feminist are similar, the two terms are not exactly the same. According to Professor Tamara Baeouboeuf-Lafonant: [Womanism] focuses on the experiences and knowledge bases of black women [which] recognizes and interrogates the social realities of slavery, segregation, sexism, and economic exploitation this group has experienced during its history in the United States. FurthermoreRead MoreEssay about Autobiography in the Fiction of Alice Walker1077 Words   |  5 PagesWhen reading Alice Walker’s â€Å"The Color Purple† and â€Å"Everyday Use,† it is evident that she writes about her life through her use of allegory. Alice Walker uses the events of her childhood, her observation of the patriarchy in African American culture, and her rebellion against the society she lived in to recount her life through her stories. Alice Walker grew up in a loving household in the years towards the end of the Great Depression. Although her family was poor, they were rich in kindness andRead MoreCelies Constructed Colors The Color Purple Essay490 Words   |  2 PagesCelies Constructed Color s The Color Purple *No Works Cited In Alice Walker’s novel, The Color Purple, the character Celie first speaks about color when Mr. ______’s sister takes her shopping. She admires a woman she knows only by a photograph (Shug Avery) and she wants a dress that she thinks Shug might like. â€Å"I think what color Shug would wear,† she writes. Although Celie has never actually met Shug she invinsions how she would dress. The colors Celie chooses for the woman she doesn’t knowRead MoreComparative Essay; to Kill a Mockingbird and the Colour Purple3841 Words   |  16 PagesOne Will Take What He Is Given The purpose of Alice Walker’s novel The Color Purple and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is to demonstrate the hardships that are met when ignorance and tradition bring about the influence of sexism, racism and genuine prejudice to the general public. Ignorance is the root cause of prejudice as it prevents one to see beauty, so when it comes to dealing with the discriminating behavior held in this social order, the vast majority of people are judged by the labelRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker Summary, Main Idea, Conflict, Point of View, Setting and Tone.1399 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker is a series a letters by and to the main character, Celie. The book begins with fourteen year old Celie writing to God about her father raping her and taking away her children. After Celies mother dies, Celie focuses on protecting her sister, Nettie, from her fathers sexual advances and encourages her to run away. A widower called â⠂¬Å"Mr. __† wants to marry Nettie, but their father rejects him. Eventually Celie marries Mr. __, who later is called Albert, and herRead MoreColors And Independence In Alice Walkers The Color Purple1555 Words   |  7 Pages Alice Walker’s masterpiece, The Color Purple, uses ordinary things such as clothes, colors, jobs, and money as strong symbolism. In this book, pants symbolize independence. Pants change the way society views and treats a person. They also convey that a person is strong, confident, free, and equal to others. Alice Walker shows the reader how wearing pants can have a big effect on a person’s life, especially if that person is a woman in the early twentieth century. From the beginning of time to less

I Will Take A Sony Dream Machine Model Icf Cs15ip Alarm Clock

Waking up in the morning is a difficult task for some people, whereas for others waking up may seem like a natural routine. Well for those people who have a hard time waking up or just wanting to get up at a specific time there was a device invented called the alarm clock. This device was originally invented by ancient Greek philosophers around 250 B.C. and over the years mechanical alarm clocks were invented by Levi Hutchins in 1787 (History of Clocks. (n.d.). Retrieved November 6, 2014.), then came radio alarm clocks invented by James Reynolds (The History of Alarm Clocks {INFOGRAPHIC}. (n.d.). Retrieved November 6, 2014.), and finally the modern alarm clocks with IPhone or IPod docking bays. My objective is to write a proposal for option one on the final project, in which I will take a Sony Dream Machine model ICF-CS15iP alarm clock and discuss my experience using and interacting with the device. Also I will examine how other people interact and review their experience in using t he Dream Machine. The methods I plan on using to accomplish this project will be to explain in detail the ways I interact with the device and go over my experience with it too. The first and second part of the project will be to gather information from various sources such as, manufacturer’s manual, Sony’s website, and web sites that contains reviews from people that have used or that is still using the Dream Machine. After, reading the reviews I will categorize them into separate

Creative Writing †My Dad is not a bad sort of bloke Free Essays

My Dad is not a bad sort of bloke. There are plenty who are much worse. But he dose rave on a bit, like if you get muddy when you are playing football, or rip your pants when you are building a den. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative Writing – My Dad is not a bad sort of bloke or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stuff like that. Mostly we understand each other and I can handle him. What he doesn’t know doesn’t hurt him. If he knew that I kept George, my pet mouse, under the bed, he wouldn’t like it; so I don’t tell him. That way he is happy, I am happy and George is happy. There are only problems when he finds out what has been going on. Like the time that I wanted to see Mad Max II. The old man said it was a bad movie- too much blood and guts. It’s too violent,’ he said. ‘But, Dad, that’s not fair. All the other kids are going. I’II be the only one in the school who hasn’t seen it. ‘ I went on and on like this. I kept nagging. In the end he gave in-he wasn’t a bad old boy. He usually let me have what I wanted after a while. It was easy to get around him. The trouble stared the next morning. He was cleaning his teeth in the bathroom, making noises, humming and gurgling- you know the sort of thing. Suddenly he stopped. Everything went quiet. Then he came into the kitchen. There was toothpaste all around his mouth; he looked like a mad tiger. He was frothing at the mouth. ‘What’s this? ‘ he said. He was waving his toothbrush about. ‘What’s this on my toothbrush? ‘ Little grey hairs were sticking out of it. ‘How did these hairs get on my toothbrush? ‘ Did you have my toothbrush, David? ‘ He was starting to get mad. I didn’t know whether to own up or not. Parents always tell you that if you own up they will let you off. They say that they won’t do anything if you are honest- no punishment. I decided to give it a try. ‘Yes,’ I said. ‘I used it yesterday. ‘ He still had toothpaste on his mouth. He couldn’t talk properly. ‘What are these little grey hairs? he asked. ‘I used it to brush my pet mouse,’ I answered. ‘You what? ‘ he screamed. ‘My mouse. ‘ He stared jumping up and down and screaming. He ran around in circles holding his throat, then he ran into the bathroom and stared washing his mouth out. There was a lot of splashing and gurgling. He was acting like a madman. I didn’t know what all the fuss was about. All that yelling just over a few mouse hairs. After a while he came back into the kitchen. He kept opening and shutting his mouth as if he could taste something bad. He had a mean look in his eye- real mean. ‘What are you thinking of? he yelled at the top of his voice. ‘Are you crazy or something? Are you trying to kill me? ‘Don’t you know that mice carry germs? They are filthy things. I’II probably die of some terrible disease. ‘ He went on like this for ages. Then he said, ‘And don’t think that you are going to see Mad Max II. You can sit at home and think how stupid it is to brush a mouse with someone else’s toothbrush. ‘ I went back to my room to get dressed. Dad just didn’t understand about that mouse. It was a special mouse, a very special mouse indeed. It was going to make a lot of money: fifty dollars, in fact. Every year there was a mouse race in Smith’s barn. The prize was fifty dollars. And my mouse, George, had a good chance of winning. But I had to look after him. That’s why I brushed him with a toothbrush. I knew that George could beat every other mouse except one. There was one mouse I wasn’t sure about. It was called Mugger and Scrag Murphy, the toughest kid in town, owned it. I had never seen his mouse before, but I knew it was fast. Scrag Murphy fed it on a special diet. That is what I was thinking about as I dressed. I went over to the cupboard to get a pair of underpants. There were none there. Hey, Mum,’ I yelled out. ‘I am out of underpants. ‘ Mum came into the room holding something terrible. Horrible. It was a pair of home made underpants. ‘I made these for you, David,’ she said. ‘I bought the material at the Oxfam shop. There was just the right amount of material for one pair of underpants. ‘ ‘I’m not wearing those,’ I told her. ‘No way. Never’ ‘What’s wrong with them? ‘ and Mum sounded hurt. ‘They’re pink,’ I said. ‘And they’ve got little pictures of fairies on them. I couldn’t wear them. Everyone would laugh. I would be the laughing stock of the school. ‘ Underpants with fairies on them and pink. I nearly freaked out. I thought about what Scrag Murphy would say if he ever heard about them. I went red just thinking about it. Just then Dad poked his head into the room. He still had that mean look in his eye. He was remembering the toothbrush. ‘What’s going on now? ‘ he asked in a dark voice. ‘Nothing,’ I said. ‘I was just thanking Mum for making me these nice underpants. ‘ I pulled on my fairy pants and quickly covered them with my jeans. At least no one else would know I had them on. That was one thing to be thankful for. The underpants felt strange. They made me tingle all over. And my head felt light. There was something not quiet right about those underpants- and I am not talking about the fairies. I had breakfast and went out to the front gate. Pete was waiting for me. He is my best mate; we always walk to school together. ‘Have you got your running shoes? ‘ he asked. ‘Oh no,’ I groaned. ‘I forgot. It’s the cross-country race today. ‘ I went back and got my running shoes. I came back out walking very slowly. I was thinking about the race. I would have to go to the changing rooms and get changed in front of Scrag Murphy and all the other boys. They would all laugh their heads off when they saw my fairly underpants. We walked through the park on the way to school. There was a big lake in the middle. ‘Let’s chuck some stones,’ said Pete. ‘See who can throw the furthest. ‘ I didn’t answer. I was feeling weak in the stomach. ‘What’s the matter with you? ‘ he asked. ‘You look like death warmed up. ‘ I looked around. There was no one else in the park. ‘Look at this,’ I said. I undid my fly and showed Pete the underpants. His eyes bugged out like organ stops; then he started to laugh. He fell over on the grass and laughed his silly head off. Tears rolled down his cheeks. He really thought it was funny. Some friend. After a while Pete stopped laughing. ‘Your poor thing,’ he said. ‘What are you going to do? Scrag Murphy and the others will never let you forget it. ‘ We started throwing stones into the lake. I didn’t try very hard. My heart wasn’t in it. ‘Hey,’ said Pete. ‘That was a good shot. It went right over to the other side. ‘ He was right. The stone had reached the other side of the lake. No one had ever done that before; it was too far. I picked up another stone. This time I threw as hard as I could. The stone went right over the lake and disappeared over some trees. ‘Wow,’ yelled Pete. ‘That’s the best shot I’ve ever seen. No one can throw that far. ‘ He looked at me in a funny way. My skin was tingling. ‘I feel strong,’ I said. ‘I feel as if I can do anything. ‘ I went over to the park bench. It was large concrete one. I lifted it up with one hand. I held it high over my head. I couldn’t believe it. Pete just stood there with his mouth hanging open. He couldn’t believe it either. I felt great. I jumped for joy. I sailed high into the air. I went up three meters. ‘What a jump,’ yelled Pete. My skin was tingling. Especially under the underpants. ‘It’s the underpants,’ I said. ‘The underpants are giving me strength. I grinned. ‘They are not underpants. They are wunderpants. ‘ ‘Super Jocks,’ said Pete. We both started cackling like a couple of hens. We laughed until our sides ached. I told Pete not to tell anyone about the wunderpants. We decided to keep it a secret. Nothing much happened until the cross-country race that afternoon. All the boys went to the changing room to put on their running gear. Scrag Murphy was there. I tried to into my shorts without him seeing my wunderpants, but it was no good. He noticed them as soon as I dropped my jeans. ‘Ah ha,’ he shouted. ‘Look at baby britches. Look at his fairy pants. Everyone looked. They all started to laugh. How embarrassing. They were all looking at the fairies on my wunderpants. Scrag Murphy was a big, fat bloke. He was really tough. He came over and pulled the elastic on my wunderpants. Then he let it go. ‘Ouch,’ I said. ‘ Cut that out. That hurts. ‘ ‘What’s the matter, little Diddums? ‘ he said. ‘Can’t you take it? ‘ He shoved me roughly against the wall. I wasn’t going to let him get away with that, so I pushed him back- just a little push. He went flying across the room and crashed into the wall on t he other side. I just didn’t know my own strength. That little push had sent him all the way. It was the wunderpants. Scrag Murphy looked at me with shock and surprise that soon turned to a look of hate. But he didn’t say anything. No one said anything. They were all thinking I was going to get my block knocked off next time I saw Scrag Murphy. About forty kids were running in the race. We had to run through the countryside, following markers that had been put out by the teachers. It was a hot day, so I decided to wear a pair of shorts but no top. As soon as the starting gun went I was off like a flash. I had kept my wunderpants on and they were working really well. I went straight out to the front. I had never run so fast before. As I ran along the road I passed a man on a bike. He tried to keep up with me, but he couldn’t. Then I passed a car. This was really something. This was great. I looked behind. None of the others were in sight- I was miles ahead. The trail trued off the road and into the bush. I was running along a narrow track in the forest. After a while I came to a small creek. I was hot so I decided to have a dip. After all, the others were a long way behind; I had plenty of time. I took off my shorts and running shoes, but I left the wunderpants on. I wasn’t going to part with them. I dived into cold water. It was refreshing. I lay on my back looking at the sky. Life was good. These wunderpants were terrific. I would never be scared of Scrag Murphy while I had the on. Then something started to happen- something terrible. The wunderpants started to get tight. They hurt. They were shrinking. They were shrinking smaller and smaller. The pain was awful. I had to get them off. I struggled and wiggled; they were so tight they cut into my skin. In the end I got them off, and only just in time. They shrank so small that they would only just fit over my thumb. I had a narrow escape. I could have been killed by the shirking wunderpants. Just then I heard voices coming. It was the others in the race. I was trapped- I couldn’t get out to put on my shorts. There were girls in the race. I had to stay in the middle of the creek in the nude. It took quiet a while for all the others to run by. They were all speared out along the track. Every time I went to get out of the pool, someone else would cone. After a while Pete stopped at the pool. ‘What are you doing? ‘ he said. ‘Even super jocks won’t help you win from this far back. ‘ ‘Keep going,’ I said. ‘I’II tell you about it later. I didn’t want to tell him that I was in the nude. Some girls were with him. Pete and the girls took off along the track. A bit later the last runner arrived. It was Scrag Murphy. He couldn’t run fast- he was carrying too much weight. ‘Well, look at this,’ he said. ‘It’s little fairy pants. And what’s this we have here? ‘ He picked up my shorts and running shoes from the bank of the creek. Then he ran off with them. ‘Come back,’ I screamed. ‘Bring those back here,’ He didn’t take any notice. He just laughed and kept running. I didn’t know what to do. I didn’t have a stitch of clothing. I didn’t even have any shoes. I was starting to feel cold; the water was freezing. I was covered in Goosebumps and my teeth were chattering. In the end I had to get out. I would have frozen to death if I stayed in the water any longer. I went and sat on a rock in the sun and tried to think of how g to get home without being seen. It was all right in the bush. I could always hide behind a tree if someone came. But once I reached the road I would be in trouble; I couldn’t just walk along the road in the nude. Then I had an idea. I looked at the tiny underpants. I couldn’t put them on, but they still might work. I put them over my thumb and jumped. It was no good. It was just a small ordinary jump. I picked up a stone and threw it. It only went a short way, not much of a throw at all. The pants were too small, and I was my weak old self again. I lay down on the rock in the sun. Ants started to crawl over me. Then the sun went behind a cloud. I started to think about Scrag Murphy. He was going to pay for this. I would get him back somehow. Time went slowly, but at last it started to grow dark. I made my way back along the track. I was in bare feet and I kept standing on stones. Branches reached out and scratched me in all sorts of painful places. Then I started to think about snakes. What if I stood on one? There were all sorts of noises in the dark. The moon had gone in, and it was hard to see where I was going. I have to admit it: I was scared. Scared stiff. To cheer myself up I started to think about what I was going to do to Scrag Murphy. Boy, was he going to get it. At last I came to the road. I was glad to be out of the bush. My feet were cut and bleeding and I hobbled along. Every time a car went by I had to drive into the bushes. I couldn’t let myself get caught in the headlights of the cars. I wondered what I was going to do when I reached the town. There might be people around. I broke off a branch form a bush and held it in front of my ‘you know what. ‘ It was prickly, but it was better that nothing. By the time I reached the town it was late. There was no one around. But I had to be careful someone might come out of a house at any minute. I ran out from tree to tree and wall to wall, hiding in the shadows as best I could. I decided to make a run for it. It was the only way. I dropped my bush and started running. I went for my life. I reached our street without meeting a soul. I though I was safe, but I was wrong. I crashed right into someone and sent them flying. It was old Mrs Jeeves from across the road. ‘Sorry,’ I said. ‘Gee, I’m sorry. ‘ I helped her stand up. She was a bit short sighted and it was dark. She hadn’t noticed that I didn’t have any clothes on. ‘Disgusting,’ she screeched. ‘Disgusting. I’II tell your father about this. ‘ I ran home as fast as I could. I went in the back door and jumped into bed. I tried to pretend that I was asleep. Downstairs I could hear Mrs Jeeves yelling at Dad; then the front door closed. I heard his footsteps coming up the starts. Well, I really copped it. I was in big trouble. Dad went on and on. What are you thinking of, lad? Running around in the nude. Losing all your clothes. What will the neighbour’s think/ He went on like that for about a week. I couldn’t tell him the truth-he wouldn’t believe it. No one would. The only ones who know the whole story were Pete and I. Dad grounded me for a month. I wasn’t allowed out of the house except to go to school. No pictures, no swimming and no pocket money either. In was a bad month. Very bad indeed. At school Scrag Murphy gave me a hard time. He called me ‘Fairy Pants’. Every one though it was a great joke, and there was nothing I could do about it. He was just too big for me, and his mates were all tough guys. I remembered the mouse race in Smith’s barn. ‘We will win the mouse race,’ I shouted. ‘It’s in a month’s time. We can use the next month to train my mouse. ‘ We started to train George. Every day after school we took him around a track in the back garden. We tied a piece of cheese on the end of a bit of string. George chased after it as fast as he could. After six laps we gave him the piece of cheese to eat. At the start he could do six laps in ten minutes. By the end of the month he was down to three minutes. ‘Scrag Murphy, look out,’ said Pete with a grin. We are really going to beat the pants off you this time. ‘ The day of the big race came at last. There were about one hundred kids in Smith’s barn. No adults knew about it, they would probably have stopped it if they knew. The prize money came from the entrance fee. ‘Right,’ said tiger. ‘Get out your mice. ‘ I put George down on the track. He looked very small. He started to sniff around. I hoped he would run as fast with the other mice there. Scrags Murphy put his hand in the box and took out Mugger. He was the biggest mouse I had ever seen. There were about ten mice in the race- or I should say nine mice and one rat. Two rats if you counted Scrag Murphy. All the owners took out their string and cheese. ‘GO,’ shouted Tiger Glenn. Mugger jumped straight on to a little mouse next to him and bit it on the neck. The poor thing fell over and lay still. ‘Boo,’ yelled some of the crowd. George ran to the front straight away. He was going really well. Then Mugger started to catch up. It was neck and neck for five laps. First Mugger would get in front, then George. Everyone in the barn went crazy. They were yelling their heads off. Suddenly something terrible happened. Mugger jumped onto George’s tail and grabbed it in his teeth. The crowd started to boo. Even Scrag Murphy’s mates were booing. But George kept going. He didn’t stop for a second. He just pulled the fat rat along after him. It rolled over and over behind the little mouse. Mugger held on for grim of death, but he couldn’t stop George. ‘What a mouse,’ screamed the crowed as George crossed the finish line still towing Mugger behind him. Scrag Murphy stormed off out of the barn. He didn’t even take Mugger with him. Tiger handed me the prize money. Then he held up George. ‘George is the winner,’ he said. ‘The only mouse in the world with its own little pair of fairy underpants. ‘ How to cite Creative Writing – My Dad is not a bad sort of bloke, Papers

Congo Book Report Essay Example For Students

Congo Book Report Essay The book Congo is about a group of people who go to the African Congo to return a gorilla to her homeland and to find type IIb blue diamonds. On their journey they discover the lost city of Zinj and a new species of killer gorillas, which they must overcome to survive. The story takes place in June of 1979. The three main characters are: Dr. Karen Ross, supervisor of Earth Resources Technology Services (ERTS), Dr. Peter Elliot, a primatologist who trained a gorilla named Amy to speak by the use of sign language, and Charles Munro, the guide who leads the expedition through the Congo. ERTS has already sent an expedition of eight into the Congo to retrieve type IIb blue diamonds. They are contacting them back at the base in Houston. The camera in the expeditions camp turns on revealing a destroyed campsite: torn tents, supplies and clothing scattered everywhere, and dead bodies. As the camera moves around scanning the area, a big gray object runs by the camera and destroys it. Every at ERTS is in shock. They replay the footage and freeze it on the big gray object. It looks like a gray gorilla, but gorillas dont kill people. Karen Ross decides to take another expedition into the Congo to get the blue diamonds. Because of the bewilderment over this incident she contacts Dr. Elliot to find out what this gorilla is. She tells him that theyre going to the Congo and he wants to come and bring Amy, his gorilla. Amy has been experiencing bad dreams because of her past which is unknown to Dr. Ross. She begins finger painting, which helps her sleep at ease because tries to banish the dreams onto paper. Elliot realizes she wants to go to the jungle because all her paintings are of it. The expedition leaves quickly because there is a competing company that is also making its way to the Congo to get the blue diamonds, which are an amazing source of energy. The expedition is set to meet Charles Munro; the best guide there is, to guide them through the Congo. They discussed business matters and quickly headed to Nairobi. From Nairobi they took their final plane to go to the Congo. At that time, a civil war had started in Africa and both sides were shooting everything, including the expeditions plane. Everyone had to take a parachute and jump out of the plane. This was a major delay in the time the expedition had to beat the competition to the diamond site. The expedition: Ross, Elliot, Munro, Amy, and some African men have to walk the rest of the way to the diamond site. On their way they encounter many dangers like cannibalistic tribes, angry hippos, crocodiles, and a volcano ready to burst. As they are walking through the jungle Ross is informed on her computer that the competition has already reached the site and there is no point to continue. Later on they find the competitions campsite destroyed and all the people are dead. During their journey they have an encounter with mountain gorillas. Amy runs of with them because she thinks the group is mad at her. After all the troubles and danger they finally arrive at a place to make camp, which turns out to be the lost city of Zinj which contains the blue diamonds. They are very excited to have made such a great archeological discovery and go exploring the city for the rest of the day. At night they set up and electric fence, sensor guns, and sensor lasers. .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db , .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .postImageUrl , .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db , .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db:hover , .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db:visited , .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db:active { border:0!important; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db:active , .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucdf73a6c5cf41dd82cb27feb694f92db:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ansel Adams: photographer and artist Essay This is their first encounter with the gray killer gorillas. The gorillas showed signs of intelligence by attacking different parts of the electric fence to get in, they also wheezed to one another and used hand signals, which served as a language. The next day while studying paintings in one of the houses of the city they discovered the story behind the city. The city has diamond mines under it and they trained gorillas to be like watchdogs to guard the mines. These watchdogs turned on their masters and now these killer apes rule the city. The team dug a moat around the camp because it is known that no gorilla will cross even the smallest body of water. That night the gorillas came and the same wheezing noises where heard used a tree trunk as a bridge over the moat and some of them made a distraction while others used a stick to lift open the fence and kill some of the African people. Later the team studied the body of one of the dead animals. It was a little smaller than a gorilla and weighed less and its fur color was gray. The next night the same thing happened: more gorillas slipped in unnoticed, killed some of the African people, and made a clean exit. The next day Amy returned to the campsite and told Elliot that these gray gorillas are bad creatures and that she could understand them a little. Elliot thought of a plan, he and Amy went to the lair of these gorillas and focused on one. Amy would explain to Elliot what each noise meant. By the end of the day they had down the meaning of a few words. Elliot made a tape with the words: GO AWAY, NO COME, and BAD HERE. As the gorillas attacked that night he played the message and they all left. The plan had worked. The next day the volcano was ready to blow which meant they had to leave quickly. On their way a cannibal tribe attacked them. They managed to escape in a hot air balloon and Amy was set free and lived with a gorilla troop. Ross got her blue diamonds and went home happy. I liked the book because of all the adventure. All the danger they had to go through was very exciting and suspenseful. I was always waiting to see what would happen next. It was also fun reading about how surprisingly intelligent the gray gorillas are. In each attack they do something smarter and waiting to find out how the team would overcome them was very exciting. I recommend this book to adventure loving people who also want to learn a lot while reading. The book has a lot of on the edge of your seat adventure and suspense and a lot of educational material about primates, the history of training animals to talk, and computers among many other things. In conclusion Congo is a great book that doesnt let you become bored and teaches you a lot of interesting facts.English

“The Voice of Ile a Morphil” free essay sample

In this particular case, it seems to have been beneficial to the less developed country, by providing funding, advice and schools. Development Aid is a good notion, but is often executed poorly, such as mining in third world countries. When done right, development aid is beneficial to both parties, and can help develop a region without unethically harming its culture. In many cases of development aid, the less developed country receives â€Å"help† in the form of job opportunities and money. While this approach will increase the GNI per capita, and purchasing power parity, it will not necessarily benefit the Human Development Index. There are numerous examples of Development Aid gone wrong. When a company or country takes an interest in the resources of a third world country, it often overlooks the cultural and environmental impact of their operations. The Grasberg gold mine is one example of where development aid only results in ruin of local communities. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Voice of Ile a Morphil† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page PT Freeport Indonesia, the company that runs the mine, has taken four hundred feet off of a sacred mountain to the local people (Danny Kennedy). PT Freeport Indonesia has said that its presence will help the Paupuan Agribusiness by providing infrastructure. The farmers and fisherman used to sell and trade amongst themselves; PT Freeport Indonesia says that they are providing infrastructure and development aid, but in reality are only hurting the local traditions and Culture (Paupan Agribusiness). The development aid provided to the people in the documentary â€Å"The Voice of Ile a Morphil† was more beneficial to the less developed country. Ton, the head of the program, cared about the people and their culture. He would spend time there and participate with the community. By providing funding, advice, and being persistent, the program was able to help the local community more than if they had solely provided jobs. If a region is not ready for technology, such as tractors, it will go to waste. By giving the people simple irrigation systems and some credit to be able to buy seed and pump repairs, the people prospered, while the culture remained unharmed. This situation is an example of development aid that was planned and executed well. In conclusion, development aid is a good idea, but is often not the actual goal of a supranational organization. In most cases the company or organization is just looking to turn a profit, and disregards the people and environment of the region they are exploiting. It is unethical for companies to change a people’s culture and way of life for their own greed. When a program like LFM gives â€Å"help† their goals are to give enough money, advice and resources to develop on their own, LFM is not looking to abuse the region. When development aid is done right, it provides a region with the tools it needs to develop infrastructure without harming the regions culture.

Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School Essays

Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School Essays Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School Essay Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School Essay Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School often use their .22 ranges and find it extremely hard to see what their shoot total is mid-way through the shoot. They cannot view the target through the sights on the rifles, as the sights are iron sights. A solution is required whereby this problem can be cured, and the individual shooters can view their statistics with minimal movement required.  I am to design a system whereby shooters will be able to view their score for that particular shoot session and also view their statistics upon the same piece of machinery. The primary output of this product is to be 2 seven-segment displays, which show you the overall score of the shooter after each shot. The secondary output of this product is to be more seven-segment displays, which display relevant pieces of information regarding the shooters statistics, in accordance with their score.  The seven segment displays which are to be used will be of varied sizes as the primary seven segment displays are to be larger than the secondary seven segment displays as to let the user view his or her score with great ease. The approximate cost of the product is to be something around the region of about 25 as to cover the cost of manufacture, components, storage and the battery. The exact cost at this time remains oblivious to me but this is a rough estimate of what the final cost may be.  The ease of use is inevitable as this product is to be used primarily by cadets from the Newcastle Under Lyme School CCF; therefore complex manual operations conducted by the user are not required within the product. It is unclear at this time to determine what the customers will be prepared to pay as no primary research has been conducted into the matter. In the coarse of this coursework primary research will be conducted and questions such as How much will the customers be prepared to pay? will be answered.  This product will be designed to be primarily used on a 30m range therefore I will incorporate 3.5mm jacks within the casing which will lead to the pressure pads which are to be approximately 30m away, but this is also dependant on where the product is placed on the range.  The pressure pads will be placed behind the target in a manner by which they can still sense the impact of the .2 rounds and at the same time remain protected from the rounds penetrating them and therefore prevent their destruction. The different sizes of the seven segment displays used are to be 13.2mm and 100mm. The 13.2mm displays are to be used to display the shooters statistics and the 100mm displays are to be used to display the shooters overall score. They need to be this size as to let the shooter se his or her score with great ease.  The size of this product is unknown at this stage but this will be mentioned in the specifications. The product will not however be any larger than a piece of A4 paper which measures at approximately 290mm x 210mm.  This product is to be powered by a 9v battery as it does not require a power input of a mains connection which is 230v ~ 240v ac. The 9v power supply should be sufficient in providing power for the seven segment displays in relation to how often the product is to be used, therefore giving providing a good battery life. There is a number of different sized pressure pads to be used as they will then be able to determine the score of the shots fired. By this I mean that the smallest pressure pad will be able to show a score which is the highest score etc.  Ease of fitting is to be required as the primary users of this product are to be cadets aged between 13 and 18 who may or may not have a sufficient technological knowledge, therefore a means needs to be devised by which this product can be fixed securely to a wall with great ease. To be able to make this product worthy of sale it will have to be extremely reliable. There are three initial areas of production, which will make this a reliable product. They are having a strong casing, having a waterproof casing the electronics it contains. The casing has to be fairly strong as to prevent any breakage of the product even before it has been placed securely on the wall. A water-resistant casing is required as to eliminate the threat of any moisture actually damaging the circuitry within the product. The final aspect is the electronics its will contain. These have to be accurate as to prevent failure of operation by the product. For the electronics not to fail I will have to carefully plan the circuitry to a degree where I will have to distinguish what the inputs, processings outputs of the circuit are. Once these three areas are complete to a great degree of satisfaction, the product will be much more reliable than I did not take these into consideration.  The pressure pads will have to be able to sense the force of the rounds fired to it but the pressure pads will have to be placed in a manner in which the pressure pads do not get damaged during the shoot. They will be feeling the force of .22 rounds and therefore it will be relatively easy for me to avert such an incident where the pressure pads are damaged, as only a small thickness of wood is required to penetrate the rounds, which is used by the cadets to penetrate the .22 rounds.

Discuss how theories of organizational culture can illuminate the Essay

Discuss how theories of organizational culture can illuminate the practice of public sector management. You may use a particular - Essay Example Development of ‘strong’ culture within an organization has become increasingly popular among governments across the world. This paper highlights the attributes of public sector management, organizational politics and strategic management with respect to organizational culture. Furthermore, this paper also examines the theory of organizational change as well as the aspects that bring about effective and enduring change in public sector organizations. Public Sector Management Private and public are the two sectors of economy. While the former deals with private and non- governmental association, the latter refers to government and a mixture of various departments and associations. From managerial point of view, the private sector and the public sector have numerous differences between them. In the twenty- first century, the public sector has experienced a huge growth and development. The traditional model for public sector management was supported bureaucratic practices. E ven- distribution of labor, hierarchy, merit- based employment decision, impersonal work relationships are a few characteristics of this traditional model. However, in modern times, the public sector has been facing challenges as far as management is concerned. This has been the reason for incompetence of public sector when it comes to delivery of public services. Some of the chief reasons why public sector is lagging behind in Australia are- failure of traditional bureaucratic management in a market in relation to non- excludability and non- rival consumption, information imperfections, uneven distribution of resource and wealth, etc. (Aulich, Halligan and Nutley 2001, p. 1- 4) As a matter of fact, the public sector has experienced several economic restructuring. This change was brought about by transformation of administration into management. That is to say, the traditional model that had long been used in public sector got replaced by effective and modernized approach. According to new model, rational economic forces became the chief determinant behind institutional decision- making, dynamics and politics. Much of these reforms were due to bringing in of choice, competition and above all market orientation. All these changes have resulted in remodeling of delivery structure, thus including â€Å"contract agencies, board, voluntary agencies, and the residual public sector†. Therefore, management of public sector has evolved to adopt the entrepreneurial and discretionary style. (Bishop, et al. 2003, p. 4- 5) The public sector has certain characteristic features. Firstly, unlike the private sector, the public sector is led by persons elected by common vote, by following the democratic principles. Secondly, public sector organizations are generally multifunctional. This generates scope for political intervention. Thirdly, though the decision making process is thoroughly influenced by cultural perspective, but is mostly unaffected by shifting demands, an d hence becomes more vulnerable to criticisms. At the same time public sector suffers from conflicting goals, income and profit distribution, etc. (Christensen et. al. 2007, p. 6- 10) Organizational Culture The term ‘organizational culture’ refers to those informal norms and values that become associated with regular business activities. Organizational values are adopted in

Buried bedrock valleys filled with glacial deposits Essay

Buried bedrock valleys filled with glacial deposits - Essay Example As long as there is sufficient water to maintain saturation, the water will descend until it is stopped by some impervious layer, such as rock or highly impervious clay. The water can then flow laterally through the voids or rock crevices above the barrier. If there are significant differences in surface elevation, the water may flow out along the impervious layer at some lower point called a spring. If a hole is made vertically down into the saturated layer, water will flow into the hole. If the saturated layer has sufficient interconnected voids, water will flow through it relatively rapidly. When the saturated layer yields water in economic quantities, it is called an aquifer and the hole made into it could be developed into a well. The lack of resistance to flow through porous material is called permeability. In general, fine grained material such as clay or silt is low in permeability; sand is of medium permeability, and gravel is most permeable. Fractured rock varies in permeab ility depending on the degree and pattern of fracture. The quantity of water which can be stored in an aquifer is equal to the total volume of voids between the solid particles. The fraction of the total volume of an aquifer made up of voids is called porosity. If the voids are interconnected, aquifers of high porosity also tend to have high permeability. Sometimes groundwater is trapped under an impervious layer. An aquifer thus located is called a confined aquifer. If the inflow area to a confined aquifer is higher than the confining layer where a well penetrates it, the water will be under pressure and will rise in the well to some level above the confining layer. Such a well is referred to as artesian. If the water rises to the top of the well a "flowing well" results. Obviously some locations offer better chances for successful wells than others. Clues which can be helpful in selecting well locations are (i) locations and depth to water of existing wells; (ii) existence of springs and/or streams; (iii) relative locations of infiltration areas and rock outcroppings which might constitute an impervious layer; and (iv) existence of known phreatophytes (plants requiring abundant water, whose roots frequently extend to the water table). In some areas of uniform geology, such as certain alluvial deposits in valleys, wells can be constructed anywhere with equal success. In the absence of any clues or data, a test boring can be carried out by one of the methods described under small diameter wells. Such a boring can be carried out relatively quickly and cheaply and can save considerable time, money and frustration in the long run. When a well is pumped, the water in it drops to some level below the static level (Figure 2). The water surface in the aquifer then forms a "cone of depression" as it slopes from the static level at some fairly large radius, R, to the well whose radius is r. If the well completely penetrates the aquifer with the static height of water being H and the height of water during pumping, h, then

Step Analysis For Cadburys In India Marketing Essay

Step Analysis For Cadburys In India Marketing Essay A method used by management that provides the analysis which is based on the four external factors that may affect the organizations performance. Social, Technological, Economic and Political are the four factors. This strategical tool helps the profitability of the company. Step Analysis Factors SocialSocial: The social factor helps a company to understand the ethical, cultural beliefs, demographics, lifestyles and education. These changes influence the growth of the company. Technological: The change in the technological factors can change the companys competitive area. Environmental, ecological ways. New strategies and products and the cost of improvising and innovation. And in the development of the product. Economic: The economic structures and its varies changes at the stock exchange and the interest, and inflation rates and nations economic rules and performances. They directly have a great impact on the company. Political: The changes in the government and pressures and opportunities and changes in the political system and leadership and their values will so affect the company. It also includes the taxes and rules and political grounds and involvement in the business. Step analysis for Cadburys in India The word chocolate has been traced back in ancient times from central America -civilizations Aztec and Maya ,Chocolate made from roasted cocoa beans was mostly enjoyed and relished all over the history as a drink . In ancient times as the expensive cocoa were gifted when a newly born arrives in a family or any religious occasions. Even the traders used to exchange it for jade, clothes etc., till recent times the chocolate has been just the plain chocolate. However Sir Hans Sloane an English doctor brought chocolate milk recipe from South America to England. According to his recipe the original Cadbury milk chocolate was prepared, later it was sold to the Cadburys. The cocoa crillo is harvested only 10% world wide, 90% of it is hybrid and from forestero trees and varieties are produced mainly in West Africa. The hottest region is the right soil to grow this plantation for cocoa. The procedure to prepare chocolate are: Harvest Fermentation Drying Cleaning Roasting Crushing and shelling Blending Grinding Cocoa butter Cocoa powder Kneading Rolling Conching In Birmingham 1824 at bull street England, John Cadbury used to do vending for coffee, tea and drinking chocolate. He started to concentrate on the chocolate drinks and beverages. He was also appointed as the Royal by the queen. He also shifted from the tea business stopped the tea shipment and started importing cocoa into UK. He tried so many different varieties. Although it was economically not an easy price to the consumer so he had a tie up with his brother and started his venture into Cadburys chocolate making business. One of the best inventions in the confectionary industry was Cadburys Dairy Milk which was a moulded chocolate and was introduced in 1905 although after so many brands with leading chocolate companies the Dairy Milk shows 95 years later a success and recognition. Step Analysis Social: The story of Cadbury dairy milk started in 1905 at Bourneville UK but the journey with chocolate lovers in India began in 1948. The UK confectioner Kraft foods and Cadburys had a deal in the business and they wanted to enter the international market. However they targeted a little tough market which I could say as India could not accept any foreign products so easily but still as C.Y.Pal non executive chairman of Cadbury India quotes India is a very happy story for Kraft and Cadbury. Kraft was initially trying hard with its products to put-up on the shelfs in a market store like tobolerone, milka, cheese, Oreo cookies etc although all were under one umbrella. Indians could not accept it so easily. More than 60 yrs has been passed Cadburys has now become the countries biggest confectioner. The barriers it had leaped and came up with different products in chocolates, drinks, gums, candies etc was appreciatiable. The Indian customer no matter how advanced or sophisticated they m ight be the traditional culture of mithai could not replace the chocolates Indians have a massive sweet tooth but its filled with mithai but not chocolate says (Ramesh Srinivas executive director of KPMG Advisory services India) even huge multinational company like Cadburys could not crack the market as the consumption of chocolate in India is 54gms per captia. Cadburys worked out with amul to make mithai and add chocolate like Indo Western style but it did not attract customers so Cadbury did intensive research and started promoting through different media and hit the slogan just for kids in 90s. Later on they shifted to the campaign for teenagers who shared the real taste of life, memorable instances which stayed in everyones life like a girl dancing in the cricket field this campaign was awarded the campaign of century in India. From here they targeted the campaign of consumption of chocolates amongst adults which was portrayed by Mr. Amitabh Bachan were different relations, spec ial moments, festive occasions, reunions were showed with happiest moments with a slogan kuch meeta ho jaya this is an excellent technique of reaching the Indian cultural barrier of mithai the promotion of Cadbury cleverly put up to equalize a chocolate and a mithai. Technological Cadburys entered the Indian market where people could recognize the brand only with a purple cover. Technically the taste of the Indians in the food or confectioners are different so the varieties that Indians crave about the purple cover should not be just the Dairy Milk so they came up with fruits and nuts, crackle, roast almond which were very famous in youth and adults to attract the kids they started with goodies and rewards with the purchase of Cadbury chocolate. The approach through media with best quality and mind lingering advertisements were done by the creative team who held up the Cadbury chocolate as luxury compared to other small confectioners in India. The punch lines used with Indians own famous game cricket the sport was also enhanced. People started liking the marketing strategy and the campaigning and it dominated 70% of the share market. The snack time in the evenings was a huge market in India they came up with Cadburys bytes. Cadbury has maintained high quality and value for money it also made Cadbury dairy milk as a dessert with slogan something sweet after meal and for kids the wowie chocolate with Disney characters embossed in it. The 2in 1 dairy milk a combination of white chocolate and milk chocolate. Economic The Cadburys and Krafts acquisition was priced but they individually grew on their strength in most of the countries. Krafts is the key market globally when they ventured together but in India they started leaning on Cadburys more, so it was ahead in confectionary business. The nestle was very far distant as number 2 when compared Cadbury .According to the marketing research firm-AC.Nelson Cadbury brand with milk addictive bourn vita has earned 70% of Indias market and earned us$425 million and 30% of sugar boiled confectionary category with us$1 billion i.e., 30%of it. The network of business selling its product across India is 1.2 billion shops as India is still agrarian society although the number of super markets or hyper markets are more the food is still bought at neighborhood stores called kirana shops. No matter Cadbury tried launching its first apple drink, dollops ice-cream, and the Indian customer recognizes the purple color as Cadburys brand. Cadbury had to change purchas ing price in India when globally it was around 10% with inclusion of interest, and taxes etc., and 27% margin was paid by krafts. The low prices with which Cadbury had the foothold in India and also business technique of the retailers in India to do business on daily working capital and fast moving products only and this increased the marketing strategy by segregating their products into different lines like gums, chocolates, mints, drinks, etc., Even if foreign markets would like to put up their confectionaries the pricing would be a big criteria and loss. The localization strategy has been adopted though slower but the products are made to the Indian customers taste. Most of the retailers do not have refridgirators, so they came up with mini packs which with-stand the heat of India with retaining the chocolate inside without any outer influence in dairy milk products. The costing of the packaging was 50 cents earlier it is costing 4 cents now. This strategy has helped the retailer s and the consumer and they were happy as Cadbury has been maintaining, quality, price and adapting Indian consumers taste. This has been amendable and kept the pace of making Indian customer to think that the value for money has been maintained and satisfied according to the Indian culture and taste. Political The worlds biggest confectionary across the globe had stepped into India with mouth watering brand the Cadbury chocolate. Although it took 60 years to register in the Indian market it employed 50,000across the globe says in 60 countries. They had a slogan in India creating brands people love. It also worked with Indian government in development of cocoa cultivation; it did also conduct research in kerala the agricultural university and educated the farmers. And right now its operating four categories in India like chocolate confectionaries, milk food drinks, gums and candies. Salmonella scare was biggest threat to the Cadbury Schweppes seven products globally. Salmonella is bacteria which was caused by a leaking pipe it might have occurred while the mixture of chocolate crumb was taking place at marl brook chocolate plant which is made into milk chocolate. This was not stated to the food standard agency as it had to get the stock back of one million chocolate bars and this contamination of bacteria costed them threat to health and they were charged 30 million pounds. They were with cases of 6 charges against them for breaching health and safety legislation but they took the step and retained the entire stock. The commitment to environment was the water conservation with unique new techniques at Bangalore factory; it started using solar energy to reduce the carbon di oxide and also driving towards the global warming. There was a major issue of child labour in south Africa with cocoa cultivation as its the 90%of worlds biggest producers and they fought for it. They also created and supported needs for underprivileged children. They started spreading smiles on the innocent faces not only with mouth lingering Cadbury chocolate but also good quality for any person in need. Methodology The gold standard is the consideration which is defined for chocolate in India for Cadburys. The brand which was a deal stuck with kraft foods did lot of international business however, when they stepped into India, Kraft had to depend on Cadburys in the market. Where a culturally different customer did not accept krafts brands, after a slow persuasion the purple covered product that is Cadburys has taken over 70% of confectionary market in the long journey of 60 years. The excellent marketing strategies which they used to register and connecting to Indian values through slogans which touched Indian customers heart and brought smile on their face from a kid to adults. The strategy was proven brand loyaltys best example with customer centric business. Although it did not realize to go with customers taste previously they faced lot of setbacks. Conclusion The taste of life a slogan which connected the people for a a long decade itself shows how the product has emerged as no.1 most trusted in Mumbai in India. It also is considered as marketing leader who changed the taste of India. Cadbury did not step back with the nutritional elements in its product line. The candies and gumbs have been strategically registered in a Childs mind also giving the difference the salty bytes and sweet bytes. Cadburys bytes like snacks to Cadbury chocolate varieties. The quality. The value, the purpose which drove lot of consumers to a brand with such immense loyalty and they have trusted the beautiful product which I can say that every generation has relished. And Cadburys had fought back with all the myths and giving facts of benefits from chocolate or rather creating world wide study of CHOCOLOGY.

Importance of Technical Education Essay

Technical Education plays a vital role in human resource development of the country by creating skilled manpower, enhancing industrial productivity and improving the quality of life. Technical Education covers courses and programmes in engineering, technology, management, architecture, town planning, pharmacy and applied arts & crafts, hotel management and catering technology. The technical education system in the country can be broadly classified into three categories – Central Government funded institutions, State Government/State-funded institutions & Self-financed institutions. The 65 Centrally funded institution of technical and science education are as under: IITs | 15| IIMs | 13| IISc. , Bangalore| 1| IISERs| 5| NITs| 30| IIITs| 4| NITTTRs| 4| Others (SPA, ISMU, NERIST, SLIET, NITIE & NIFFT, CIT)| 9| TOTAL| 81| Besides the above, there are four Boards of Apprenticeship Training (BOATs). The Central Government is also implementing the following schemes/programmes: – (i) Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP) assisted by the World Bank. (ii) Indian National Digital Library for Science & Technology (INDEST). There is one Public Sector Undertaking, namely, Educational Consultants India Ltd. (Ed. CIL) under the Ministry. There are also Apex Councils, namely the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and Council of Architecture (COA). IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION. Education is important for every individual in a nation. It plays a vital role to change the stare of a country. No country could bring a revolution in it unless its everybody are educated enough to meet the challenges. Education makes a man realize about himself and his goals and how to achieve that goals. Basically, Education is divided into three groups. The Education which teaches the concerns of a society is called Social Education. The Education which develops a personality inside a man himself is called Spiritual Education. The Education that concerns with the professionalism is called Vocational Education. The Technical Education comes under the branch of Vocational Education which deals practically in the field of trade, commerce, agriculture, medicine & Engineering. We are living in the modern age of science where we found Technologies in every aspect of life. What makes life so brain friendly for us simply; these are the Technologies which we use for our ease and comforts. Not only in our daily life but also in the research centre, in defensive measured of a country, biological aspects etc. No nation could generate the progress unless it promotes technical aspects in its fields. The technical education produces technicians for all type of industries and it is true that the progress of a country much depend upon its Industrialization without which a handsome economy would not be possible. Using a technology is far easier than to develop it. For developing a technology, it needed high skill teams which have a high data for the theme. It also needed a high amount of time and also money. To fulfill all these, there must be technical institutes which must cover all the faculties of technological studies and also the support of government to support financially & to contruct it at international level. If it would be at International level then it would be easier to students to grab data in their own state so that they could do something for their own country. Pakistan leads in the technological era. The exhibition canters in Pakistan plays a vital role in backing up the technicians to come up with more and more new technologies because it gives reflection of our technologies to the foreigners which are representing their country, which means we are reflecting our image to that world. By this we have a sense of development and prosperity that we also produce creative mind in the technological aspect. As far as Pakistans implementation in techno field is concern, we might look around and observe that in every field of life we are using high class technologies whether it is in the Industrial purpose, business purpose, agriculture purpose or defensive purpose. There has been a lot of emergence of on-line trading, which deals with high technological concerns in term of machinery and software. Pakistan Telecommunication field also deal with high-class technology. Pakistan also promises to produce best technicians of its own through their technical education centers which allow approximately all the faculties for technical development. These institutes also support the new courses of technology which are introduced at a instant so that there would be no line at which we lay behind. The most important institutes of in Pakistan which support the technical courses incorporate, NED University, GIK University, Karachi University, Mehran University and there are also some other private Universities which deal in technological subjects. These institutes promise to produce technicians who cold meet the challenges of the technological era. I feel proud when I watch the students rushing towards these technical institutes to become a prosperous technician who have a sense of responsibility for the progress of their nation. Technical education promotes the material prosperity and economic advancement. It produces the sense of self-respect and dignity. If a country has her own technical experts, she may save a lot of foreign exchange i. e. Technical Education makes a country rich, prosperous and resourceful. Our country is rich in raw material resources but the thing is, we must have enough technical information to benefit from them.

How Society Defines Crime Essay

Criminology as explained in an institutionalized setting is viewed as an outside view of behavior which leads to defining crime as an intentional behavior that can be penalized by the state. Our text explains crime as any violations that occurs against the law. Crime is considered a social issue and so it is studied by sociologist who create theories. Over the years, many people have developed theories to try to explain how we come to decide what a crime is. A few theories as to why people commit crimes sometimes seems to equal the number of criminologists. So which theory is the best? Our text concludes that criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, causes, consequences, social reaction, and control of criminal behavior. Collica, K. & Furst, G. (20120 because criminology is a social construct, it may shift over time. This shift consequently had an enormous inï ¬â€šuence on changing attitudes towards punishment and towards the purpose of the law and the legal system . Classical ideas about crime and punishment is defined by numerous writers on the subject. Some writers like Beccaria (1738–94) and Bentham (1748–1832), argued that there was an invisible relationship between the individual and the state and that the relationship as it stood was chaotic. As a part of this relationship individuals gave up some of their liberties in the interest of the common good, with the purpose of the law being to ensure that these common interests were met. For Beccaria, this meant that the law should be limited and written down so that people could make decisions on how to behave. Offenders are viewed as reasonable people with the same capacity for resisting offensive behaviors as non-offenders. This guided the principal of innocent until proven guilty. The central concern of the law and the criminal justice process was therefore the prevention of crime through this deterrent function. So how does society define a crime? The idea that criminal behavior is determined, or caused, by something, leads to the legal, social, and cultural factors that influence the decision to label some behavior’s as criminal while others or not. Like marijuana. Although it comes from the earth in plant  form its hallucinogenic effects and inability to tax mak es it illegal in most stated to manufacture produce without medical and government clearance in the states that have adopted the drug as legal. Some argue that â€Å"Drug prohibition causes the bulk of murders and property crime in major urban areas by creating a black market characterized by warring suppliers, who charge inflated prices to users, who in turn steal to pay for their habits. Drug prohibition also fosters crime abroad, funding violent entrepreneurs and even terrorist insurgencies that threaten fragile civilian governments in poor countries† (Bandow 16). It should be noted however that the classical school of thought has had an enduring inï ¬â€šuence as many legal systems are built on some of its key precepts. The idea of intent for example, emphasizes the importance of the state of mind of the individual and their capacity for making choices. To smoke or not to smoke? To plant or not to plant and to distribute or not to distribute? Many reviews of the development of criminology begin with reference to the inï ¬â€šuence of positivism. Marijuana is linked to many negative aspects outside of a few minor h ealthcare benefits like chronic pain in cancer patients and glaucoma While the speciï ¬ c meaning to be attached to this term is open to some debate, in the context of drugs inside of criminology is usually used to refer to a scientiï ¬ c commitment to the gathering of the facts that distinguish whether or not an offense has been committed. It is this search for facts which most clearly describes one of the differences between this version of criminology and classical criminology. The other main difference between these two different versions of the criminal individual was the commitment of the early positivists to search for the cause of crime within individual biology rather than individual free will (Williams &ump; McShane, 2010). Creating a policy on crime seems to give it definition when the public can prove that there is a danger to society as a whole. It is hard for anyone to grasp the concept or be able to understand why people commit heinous crimes or engage in criminal activities. We as human beings are all capable of committing or engaging in delinquent behavior. What stands in the way of a person that makes them decided to engage in deviant behavior or to choose not to commit crimes at all? It may never be truly understood what the real reasons are behind why people make decisions against the laws implemented for mankind’s protection. Philosophy can only dig so deep to  find these truths and the evolution of criminal behavior only expands with more knowledge of what works and what does not work. What is considered criminal today could be legal tomorrow and what is legal today could be found criminal as well. References Collica, K. & Furst, G. (2012). Crime & society. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Hostettler, J. (2011). Cesare Beccaria [electronic resource] : the genius of on crimes and punishments / John Hostettler. Hook, Hampshire, U.K. : Waterside Press, 2011 http://youtu.be/teKTNwgErCc Morris, R. G., TenEyck, M., Barnes, J. C., & Kovandzic, T. V. (2014). The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data, 1990-2006. Plos ONE, 9(3), 1-7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092816

The Cooperative Group Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5919 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Did you like this example? Essay Question: Describe the ethical concerns facing the communities in which the Cooperative Group operates This essay examines the ethical concerns which are foremost in the communities in which the Cooperative Group operates. The discussion argues that most important among these ethical concerns are the dual problems of global ethical dilemmas, led by the issues of fair trade and climate change, but also a keen interest in supporting local communities and local suppliers. The latter has become increasingly important in light of the financial crisis as it often a key factor in how local communities fare. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Cooperative Group Example For Free" essay for you Create order The discussion begins with a critical analysis of how these ethical concerns affect local communities before reflecting briefly on how the Cooperative can be seen to assisting with such problems. The Cooperative Group operates throughout the entirety of the UK. It can therefore be said that broadly speaking, the ethical considerations which effect the communities in which the Group operates are the ethical considerations which are currently foremost among the UK population as a whole. As outlined in the introduction, these issues can broadly by summarised as a concern about the environment and concerns about global poverty, international development and the role of trade in dealing with such problems. The UK voluntary sector is one of the best supported in Europe and has an annual turnover into the tens of billions (Harris 2001). Whilst this is not explicitly relevant to the role of the Cooperative Group it nonetheless illustrates the general spirit of the British nation and the importance which they attach to ethical considerations in life. These ethical concerns are important ones for the Cooperative Group to consider as much has been made recently of the role of consumer choice in shaping the nature of the worlds problems (Klein 2010 p.242). There is therefore a strong connection between the ethical considerations of such communities and the role of the Cooperative Group. We must therefore acknowledge that one of the biggest concerns which many people feel in relation to the issue of climate change and global poverty has been the sense of how best they can help with the problem on an individual level. In an age when many people have lost faith in traditional political routes to problem solving or addressing ethical concerns, there is more and more emphasis placed on the importance of consumer choice. Writers such as Klein (2010), Tomlinson (1999) and Giddens (2002) have all been involved in arguing that perhaps one of the most important ways in which people can change the world in which they live is through supporting movements such as the Fair Trade movement, through taking an interest in the carbon footprint of their shopping and in generally being a much more politically aware consumer. Such arguments argue that consumer choice can effectively be used as a less dramatic form of economic sanction to place diplomatic pressure on certain areas to either reform their political practice, or to operate in a more considered manner. This point is made particularly strongly by Garton Ash who argues that, with so much choice over which charity to support and what particular manner in which to attempt to influence events, many people feel overwhelmed. Evidence put forward by the Guardian Sustainable Business report suggests that many consumers do believe that there choice of products makes a difference to such issues and that the majority of consumers are influenced by such factors . There is therefore a strong preceden t for supermarkets and organisations such as the Cooperative Group to develop practical alternatives for such people and furthermore to inform their customers of the ethical issues which surround their consumer choices. However, perhaps one of the most important ethical issues which faces such groups in the current economic climate is the issue of local employment and local livelihoods. Like many ethical considerations this issue ties in neatly with many of the other concerns which we have previously discussed. Throughout the post war period there has been a growth in the power of markets internationally to the point where the vast majority of the UKs manufacturing industry and a large part of British domestic agriculture has been superseded by cheap foreign imports, be it manufactured goods from China or fruit and vegetables which are grown in warmer climes and shipped to the UK either on boats or planes. Such trends create a dual problem of increasing carbon emissions but also threatening local livelihoods, particularly in the more rural areas which the Cooperative Group operates in such as parts of Yorkshire and the Lake District. A significant ethical issue in this context is therefore the level of support which major shops such as the Cooperative Group give to local industries and producers. This issue has been highlighted by a significant number of globalisation theorists such as Dunkley, as well as more mainstream writers such as Stiglitz and Klein. Such ideas represent a significant concern for much of the world as the free market system has created more problems than it has solved for a great number of people. Strong evidence suggests that such trends are being felt at the supermarket checkout and in the local shop. In 2010 Bevin reported that in response to a survey carried out for the Guardian the majority of the 766 respondents indicated strong concern about carbon emissions, pollution, and resource depletion. A majority of respon dents also stated that the level of transportation was a key factor for them. They were therefore much more likely to purchase a product which had been locally sourced. It is also worthy of note that the Guardian report also found that the purchase of groceries came second only to transportation in the full ethical consideration of household expenditure. Areas such as utility bills or clothing were not considered to be as important ethically as were groceries. When all of the evidence is collated there is a strong precedent set for the centrality of environmental and wider global ethical considerations in consumer choice. The evidence put forward by the Guardian report provides recent and solid support for the idea that an increasing number of consumers see themselves as key actors within the global economy and global society. It is increasingly the case that works by Stiglitz on globalisation, Klein on marketing and Dunkley on free market capitalism are becoming mainstream texts with a growing number of people understanding and forming judgements on some of the wider macro issues which are presented in such works. The result has been a grass roots movement away from simply buying products at the cheapest price towards buying products based on their ethical considerations. This is something which has continued through the recent financial recession with the Guardian Sustainable Business report being published in June of 2010. It is also worthy of note that the ethical stance, although slightly more of a factor at higher incomes, was largely constant across the income range. It can therefore be concluded that the major ethical considerations for those people who live in areas that the Cooperative Group would operate in are the major ethical considerations which people consider in their day to day lives. Perhaps the most important of these has been the impact of products on the environment. It is increasingly the case that people buy products b ased on the distance that they have been transported, the amount of packaging they have and the place in which they originated. However, we should not ignore the wider knock on ethical considerations which surround global warming and global climate change. The influence of poverty has been strongly felt with the fair trade movement receiving considerable support, to the point where the majority of coffee is now fair trade certified. It is clear that such issues have considerable crossover. The more locally something is grown the more chance there is that it will have less of a carbon footprint and the more chance that it will have of supporting local industries and therefore reducing global poverty overall. However, more important of all to the ethical considerations of the local people in which the Cooperative Group are considerations as to how best to reduce their carbon footprint and assist in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. References and Bibliography Bevins, Vincent. Guardian survey reveals shoppers green concerns. The Guardian London: The Guardian, 2010. Cooperative Group. Ethical Trading and Fairtrade. Manchester: Cooperative Group, 2010. Dunkley, Graham. Free Trade: Myths, Reality and Alternative. London: Zed Books, 2004. Garton Ash, Timothy. Giving well is hard to do. The Guardian London: The Guardian, 2005. Giddens, Antony. Runaway World: How Globalisation is Shaping Our Lives. London: Profile Books, 2002. Guardian, The. Consumer attitudes and perceptions on sustainability. The Guardian Sustainable Business (2010): Harris, Margaret. and Rochester, Colin. Voluntary organisations and social policy in Britain: perspectives on change and choice. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. Klein, Naomi. No Logo. London: Fourth Estate, 2010. Stiglitz, Joseph. Globalisation and its Discontents. London: Penguin, 2002. Stiglitz, Joseph. Making Globalisation Work. London: Penguin, 2007. Tomlinson, John. Globalis ation and Culture. Cambridge: Blackwell, 1999. An assessment of the social implications of business ethics for the Cooperative Group This discussion examines the social implications of business ethics within the Cooperative Group. It focuses on both the Cooperative Group bank, but also the Cooperative Group grocery stores in order to argue that the social implications of the Cooperative business ethics model are particularly positive. The discussion focuses predominantly on the social implications of the Groups policies on the eradication of global poverty as it is this subject area which creates a particularly useful crossover between the Bank and the Grocery side of the Group. The discussion begins with a look at the banks and how the Groups bank is different to mainstream banks. It then moves on to reflect on the Cooperative grocery stores before bringing the two strands together in a wider analysis. The Cooperative Bank is an institution which pledges very strongly its ethical commitment to fair finance. In an age in which issues such as globalisation are having more and more of an effect on the way people live their lives, it is no longer possible to ignore global poverty and global climate change. However, the majority of Western commercial banks have grossly compounded many of the problems by attempting to make short term profits from developing nations. Many such banks should be seen as significantly responsible for the major debt crisis which hit Sub Saharan Africa in the 1980s and they should be held to account as being motivated purely by greed. Such institutions lent money at extortionate rates to nations which they were well aware were unable to repay such loans as they thought that they would ultimately be bailed out by huge IMF loans and therefore still make a profit . Such behaviour was also the hallmark of the banks which created the most recent financial crisis in the developed world. Investment banks which were being operated essentially as casinos in which gambles were rewarded and losses were covered have had dire social implications for the majority of the Western world. One of the biggest problems now facing the UK economy in particular is how it is going to be possible to get credit to small businesses in order to stimulate growth whilst at the same time making public sector cuts which will amount to half a million redundancies. Major banks have more or less refused to lend to small businesses and households and therefore many people are beginning to turn to more ethical alternatives led by the Cooperative Group bank, but also other institutions such as the Triodos bank. The Cooperative Bank is committed to funding small businesses which it sees as being solidly enough set up to succeed and yet it is also committed to supporting projects in developing nations which have been properly set up and costed. In these two moves it has immediately made itself significantly more ethical than the vast majority of its competitors and has also had a significantly beneficial social impact. The availability of credit at reasonable ra tes is perhaps one of the most important single moves which a bank could have made in order to attempt to improve the situation in the UK and the wider Western world. However at the same time the bank has retained its commitment to developing real solutions for global poverty. Stiglitz has argued strongly that we should never underestimate the power of ethical banking to create and empower in the world. Well placed and secured investments can reap considerable social rewards. The bank itself sums this approach up when it says that it is committed to making an impact by creating social, economic and environmental change If we then move on to examine the role of the Cooperative Group grocery store we can see that the social implications of the ethical approach which the Group has taken has been positive. The lead which the Group took on the issue of Fair Trade has benefited a significant number of farmers and by extension their families in some of the most deprived regions of the planet. Further to this it must be acknowledged that the wider impact of such policies can have on stimulating economies through the knock on effects which capital can have. Keynes highlighted the multiplier effect by which one business opening can lead to other businesses opening as they seek to provide services for aspects of the original business, be it sandwiches for the workers, parts for machinery, or any number of other services. Where there is a steady supply of capital through fair trade this can then be used to create reliable and consistent growth. The social implications of this policy should therefore be highly commended. Within the broader sphere of the fight against global poverty we can therefore see that the Cooperative Group and its ethical policies are having an important beneficial effect. The vast majority of development writers who debate key issues within the subject frequently tend to agree that the central problems of development is creating su stained economic growth. This point is made by Stiglitz, Collier and Dunkley. Whilst it is important to note that there are other important factors in this problem, the United Nations Human Development Index (a statistical index based on a number of development factors such as life expectancy, GDP per capita, deaths from preventable disease and literacy rates) strongly correlates with the GDP per capita index . Therefore, where it is possible to create sustained economic growth it is possible to lift people out of poverty and empower them to develop their own solutions to their problems. Within this more developed context it can therefore be argued that the social implications of the Cooperative Groups policies are hugely socially beneficial. The importance of the initial loans which the Bank offers to setting up projects such as schools or roads or water infrastructures are crucial to the steady development of these areas. However, perhaps even more important than this is the guarantee of a good and fair price for commodities which have previously been at the mercy of the international markets. Commodities such as coffee have suffered notorious drops in prices, particularly during the 1980s and early 1990s. This meant that often what had started out as a promising spell of growth developed into a slump and further poverty. The importance of a steady market at a fair price cannot be underestimated. The social implications of this are huge. It can therefore be argued that the social implications of the ethical approach taken by the Cooperative Group are hugely important. Without such ethical considerations it would not be possible for developing world farmers to sell their commodities at a price which guaranteed them a profit and instead they would be left to the mercy of international markets and buyers who are particularly ruthless. The simple commitment to pay a fair price for good quality commodities sows the seeds of economic growth in ma ny of these regions and provides a stability which was previously not there and the social impact of which cannot be underestimated. In a similar manner the ethical commitments of the Cooperative Group bank should be seen as being a key part of this process. We have seen from our basic analysis of development literature how the majority of current development theorists believe that finance is a vital part of the move away from poverty, but only where it is used responsibly and without an immediate desire for profits. The Cooperative Banks commitment to these principles means that they are likely to be one of the most important institutions in helping the developing world move away from poverty. We can therefore conclude that the ethical considerations and principles of the Cooperative Banks provide vital financial support for key projects which have enormous social benefit. The provision of clean water, infrastructure projects and key buildings cannot be undertaken without r esponsible financial support. In addition to this the commitment of the Cooperative Group to pay a fair price for major developing world exports sows the seeds of stable growth and means that such areas are able to begin building and planning for the future where they were previously unable to think beyond the next week. References/Bibliography Bevins, Vincent. Guardian survey reveals shoppers green concerns. The Guardian London: The Guardian, 2010. Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Cooperative Group. Ethical Trading and Fairtrade. Manchester: Cooperative Group, 2010. Dunkley, Graham. Free Trade: Myths, Reality and Alternative. London: Zed Books, 2004. Garton Ash, Timothy. Giving well is hard to do. The Guardian London: The Guardian, 2005. Giddens, Antony. Runaway World: How Globalisation is Shaping Our Lives. London: Profile Books, 2002. Guardian, The. Consumer attitudes and perceptions on sustainability. The Guardian Sustainable Business (2010): Klein, Naomi. No Logo. London: Fourth Estate, 2010. Stiglitz, Joseph. Globalisation and its Discontents. London: Penguin, 2002. Stiglitz, Joseph. Making Globalisation Work. London: Penguin, 2007. United Nations. Human Development Report 2009. New York: United Nations, 2009. An Assessment of the ethical concerns facing the communities in which the Cooperative Group operates and measures that could be taken to improve corporate responsibility This discussion brings together the two strands of domestic ethical concerns and the wider ability of the Cooperative Group to respond to corporate social responsibility issues. The discussion begins with an outline of the major ethical concerns facing the communities in which the Group operates. This takes in both the communities in which the Group predominantly sells its products, but also on some of the areas in which the group sources its products. The major ethical policies of the organisation are then questioned in order to determine areas in which the Group could improve. Central to these criticisms are the failure of the Group to develop a coherent ethical policy in the manner of other retailers such as SUMA. The major areas in which the Cooperative Group operates are predominantly the UK but to an extent worldwide. It is certainly true that the majority of the Groups business comes from within the UK with all of the Grocery outlets being in the UK. Therefore the ma jor ethical concerns of the Groups customers are likely to come from these areas. The majority of evidence suggests that the major ethical concerns of the UK population as a whole are the best ways to deal with global climate change, but also other problems such as global poverty and the problems which surround this. A recent report commissioned for the Guardian concluded that the vast majority of UK consumers are now heavily concerned about the impact that their day to day shopping and choices has on these issues. The notion of green marketing and the green consumer are two things which have gained considerable currency in recent years and have made consumers feel much more responsible but also empowered as to how they go about their business. It can therefore be argued that the central ethical concern of the Coops customers relates to how best to reduce their own personal carbon footprint. They see the selection of products which they buy as a way of reducing such problem s and ultimately aiding in the fight against global warming. However, if we look at the major areas in which the Cooperative Group sources its products we can see a slightly different story. The major area which is worth examining in relation to ethical considerations has been the region of Sub Saharan Africa and the impact of the Cooperative Groups policies on commodities such as tea and coffee, as well as chocolate. The primary ethical concern in this area is the reduction of global poverty. This concern focuses on developing solutions which enable people to work their own way out of poverty through sustainable farming solutions and the development of markets within these areas. Central to this problem has been the issue of fair trade and the ability of farmers to gain a fair price for their commodities. Previously to the fair trade movement it was often the case that farmers would end up selling their products at a significant loss as a result of a huge world market and a collapse in global demand due to a financial recession in one area (for example in the late 1980s and early 1990s) . This problem led to significant calls for a commitment to pay a price which would guarantee a profit to those farmers who produced the aforementioned commodities. We can therefore see that between these two areas of operations the Cooperative Group has two major ethical concerns, both of which are duly highlighted by the organisation itself. These are firstly the commitment to reduce the carbon footprint of the business, through sourcing more locally grown foods, reducing the levels of packaging which are used and also reducing the amount of transportation which is required to distribute products through greater logistical support. Secondly is the issue of assisting in the reduction of global poverty through a variety of policies from both the Cooperative Bank but also the Cooperative Grocery aspect of the business. In terms of analysing the success of t he Corporate Social Responsibility of the Cooperative Group one has to conclude that the organisation is one of the best performing of all businesses in the world today. Its commitment to the two issues outlined above should be taken seriously and is proved by real action and it has a reputation as a more open and approachable organisation responding to local customers needs in a much more approachable way than many of its competitors. However, one of the major criticisms of the group which has been highlighted previously is the slight inconsistencies which arise particularly among the Grocery division of the business. These inconsistencies mean that the group which has a very commendable commitment to ethical issues such as the fair trade movement, can also be seen to be selling products which directly contravene these principles. The fact that such products are sold by the Cooperative Group means that such products are being profited from by the Group itself and that ther e is therefore a strong argument to suggest that the Group is itself contributing to the inequality which such principles create. If the group were to improve its service to its communities even further then it would be important for it to develop a strategy which was much more water tight and which served as a much more cohesive and inclusive model. Whilst such a model would no doubt have logistical and technical problems it is important to note that there are companies and businesses which have been set up and run on very similar lines. One notable example is the food wholesaler SUMA, based in Leeds, West Yorkshire. This wholesaler is able to source a significant number of its own products directly but also works with other suppliers to develop a catalogue of supplies which it is able to provide to customers. This process involves significant research into the origins of certain products and a constant commitment to maintaining the high standards which are set but it is s omething which can be achieved. If the Cooperative Group were to seek to develop its own Corporate Social Responsibility policies even further then the SUMA model would be a particularly useful model to examine. It is also worthy of note that SUMA itself supplies several of the Cooperative Grocery Stores, in particular in the areas around Leeds where local demand for such products is high. It is therefore possible to say that the ethical issues which are felt by the majority of the Cooperative Groups customers centre on two major areas of interest. Firstly there is the area of global climate change and how consumers and people can reduce their carbon footprint as part of their everyday lives. Secondly there is the issue of how best to attempt to tackle climate change. As we have seen these two issues frequently overlap and in many ways can be strongly linked. However, we must also acknowledge that there are few groups better equipped than the Cooperative Group at developing strong policies in these areas. The diversity of the Group means that it is able to respond to crises in a much broader way than many of its competitors are able to. For example, on the issue of tackling global poverty, the Group is able to provide Fair Trade agreements with farmers for the supply of certain products, but is also able to use the Cooperative Bank to help develop key infrastructures and services within such areas. This dual pronged approach make the Corporate Social Responsibility Programmes of the Cooperative Group particularly impressive. However, if the Group were to seek to develop these valuable points further then there is considerable room for growth in the central principles of product choice which the Group makes. A more developed and ethically accountable set of principles here (in the manner of SUMA) would make the organisation significantly ethically stronger and would have massive social benefits for the areas of operation of the business. We ca n therefore conclude that the Cooperative faces the two major ethical considerations of climate change and global poverty. Its commitment to combating these issues is noteworthy and certainly deserving of praise. However, with a more calculated and ethically sound approach the Group could perform even better in this very important area. References/Bibliography Bevins, Vincent. Guardian survey reveals shoppers green concerns. The Guardian London: The Guardian, 2010. Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Cooperative Group. Ethical Trading and Fairtrade. Manchester: Cooperative Group, 2010. Dunkley, Graham. Free Trade: Myths, Reality and Alternative. London: Zed Books, 2004. Garton Ash, Timothy. Giving well is hard to do. The Guardian London: The Guardian, 2005. Giddens, Antony. Runaway World: How Globalisation is Shaping Our Lives. London: Profile Books, 2002. Guardian, The. Consumer attitudes and perceptions on sustainability. The Guardian Sustainable Business (2010): Klein, Naomi. No Logo. London: Fourth Estate, 2010. Stiglitz, Joseph. Globalisation and its Discontents. London: Penguin, 2002. Stiglitz, Joseph. Making Globalisation Work. London: Penguin, 2007. SUMA. SUMA nominated again!. Leeds: SUMA, 2010. An assessment of how the Cooperative Group could improve its operations ethically This discussion examines the manner in which the Cooperative Group could improve its operations ethically. It begins by commending the Group on its stance on ethical issues such as Fair Trade, with all of the Cooperative Groups own brand coffee and chocolate now being exclusively Fair Trade certified. It does however argue that there is a certain double standard in the way in which the shops will frequently sell other brand products which do not meet such requirements. The central argument is that, if the Cooperative Group is to develop its ethical stance further, it would need to create a set of absolute principles or standards by which it would judge all of its stock, in a similar way to food wholesalers such as SUMA. The discussion argues that, whilst such a view may be seen as slightly extreme or impractical by some people it is nonetheless the major direction down which the Group should aim to go. It is worth noting that some of the evidence discussed here relating to sp ecific in store advertising is primary evidence taken from local Cooperative outlets and should be treated as such. Where possible this is highlighted. The Cooperative Group deserves strong praise for its stance on key ethical issues such as fair trade, global climate change and global poverty. Its decision to develop all of its chocolate and coffee products from Sub Saharan Africa and South America into fair trade products was a decision which they took ahead of all of their major competitors and one which has been followed for the most part. A brief glance at the Cooperative Group website reveals a relatively prominent section entitled ethics in action in which the Group outline their major commitments to develop schemes in local areas such as walk to school schemes to assist the environment and community cohesion, but also their wider ethical commitment to reduce poverty through low interest finance, fair trade products and overseas projects. It is therefore worth making absolutely clear how commendable such actions are and how much they should be applauded by the Groups customers. However, it is also possible to identify certain ethical anomalies within the Group. The aforementioned commitment to own brand Fair Trade Coffee and Chocolates often sits next to a promotion for Galaxy chocolate or Nescafe Coffee neither of which have any ethical merits. It is also frequently the case that such products are advertised in store, perhaps largely as a result of promotional offers such as Buy One Get One Free but also through other contracted out advertising space which is operated by a third party advertising agency. There is therefore an ethical double standard here, whereby the Group will publicly commit itself to its own ethical standards but will then continue to profit from other products which clearly fail to meet such standards. Not only this but such products are often advertised in store in order to generate further profit. The Group is t herefore promoting one image on the one hand, and carrying out an entirely different act with the other. It can therefore be argued strongly that, were the Group to be taken seriously and present a water tight and uniform ethical case, it would have to develop its own benchmark of ethical standards by which it would judge all of its products. These would not need to be hugely ground breaking, certainly not in the first instance, but could be based on the ethical standards by which the Group develops its own products. If products meet such standards, for example Cadburys chocolate has been certified fair trade in recent years then they can be sold and the consumers can then make their choice according to other criteria such as taste, price or their own personal preference. However, were products not to meet such standards then they would no longer be sold by the Group in order to prevent the Group itself but also other manufacturers from profiting from a products which is un ethically sourced and unethically produced. If we look at the evidence for consumer ethical considerations as put forward by the Guardian report on consumer views on sustainability and wider ethical considerations then we can see that there is a strong consumer base which would support the ideas. The vast majority of the consumers in the survey of close to 800 participants intimated that the most important factors which they considered when buying a product was the environmental impact and the wider ethical impact . It would therefore be possible to argue strongly that, were the Group to carry out such a move it would be widely supported by a significant number of consumers and may even result in a greater consumer support for the Cooperative Group over other competitors. It is difficult to develop ethical models for the Cooperative Group in such a limited space without necessarily avoiding any of the logistical or practical implications of such suggestions or ideas. How ever, it must be noted that the idea as outlined above is likely to be a particularly problematic system to set up in the first instance, particularly given the large volume of stock which the Group carries. However, there is a precedent for such a suggestion, with food wholesaler SUMA selling only products which have met its ethical standards, be it fair trade or global warming. Indeed the SUMA model has been so successful that they have been nominated for food wholesaler of the year and employer of the year at The Grocer awards two years running. Indeed SUMA is similar in more ways than one as the wholesaler sources its own products such as lentils and grains but also deals with other products by companies such as Bottle Green or Fentimans, whose ethical virtues can be readily and well established. Indeed SUMA often supplies certain parts of some Cooperative Groups with products, particularly in the areas around its central operations in Yorkshire. However, it must be ack nowledged that the Cooperative Group would have a significantly more complex task as it is not surprising that many companies which do not operate ethically are reluctant to disclose any information on the way they source or manufacture products. Therefore there would have to be a lot of work put in to researching the ethical credentials of certain products. There would also likely be considerable problems as to where one draws the line. For example if the debate moved on from only sourcing products which were transported by boat rather than plane and a technical hitch meant that certain products had to be transported on planes would the Group refuse to sell them and if not why not? However, it should not be ignored that there is a very real case to be made for the removal of all products which directly contradicts the Groups own ethical stance on key products such as coffee and chocolate. Certainly there is also an undeniable call for the Group to remove advertising and pro motions from its stores for products which do not meet its own criteria. Such a space could be used to promote the Groups own products or to highlight some of the key issues for which the Group retains a strong opinion. We can therefore conclude by saying that the Cooperative Group should once again be praised for the ethical position which it has taken on key issues. However, there is always room for improvement in such organisations and, with the inconsistencies observed by this discussion it should be more than possible for the Group to continue to improve. It has been acknowledged earlier that the major focus of this particularly discussion has been on the Groups grocery stores rather than the banking sector or other sectors. This is because it is this particular area of the Group which is perhaps most immediately felt by most people. This is particularly true given the rise of ethical consumerism Therefore the Group should seek to further develop its ethical model to cover all of its products irrespective of their brand or origin in a similar way to wholesalers such as SUMA. References/Bibliography Bevins, Vincent. Guardian survey reveals shoppers green concerns. The Guardian London: The Guardian, 2010. Cooperative Group. Ethical Trading and Fairtrade. Manchester: Cooperative Group, 2010. Dunkley, Graham. Free Trade: Myths, Reality and Alternative. London: Zed Books, 2004. Giddens, Antony. Runaway World: How Globalisation is Shaping Our Lives. London: Profile Books, 2002. Guardian, The. Consumer attitudes and perceptions on sustainability. The Guardian Sustainable Business (2010): Klein, Naomi. No Logo. London: Fourth Estate, 2010. Stiglitz, Joseph. Globalisation and its Discontents. London: Penguin, 2002. Stiglitz, Joseph. Making Globalisation Work. London: Penguin, 2007. SUMA. SUMA nominated again!. Leeds: SUMA, 2010.